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• optumus

語源

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“at, near; on”) (whence also ob) + superlative suffix *-tm̥mos. Less likely from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep- (“to work, toil; ability, force”), whence also ops and opus. Displaced bonissimus as the superlative of bonus.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈop.ti.mus/, [ˈɔpt̪ɪmʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈop.ti.mus/, [ˈɔpt̪imus]

形容詞

optimus (superlative, feminine optima, neuter optimum); first/second declension

1. superlative degree of bonus; best

   Hic mundus perfectissimus est etiam mundorum possibilium omnium optimus

   This most perfect world is even the best of all possible worlds

   (Immanuel Kant, echoing Leibniz)

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

反意語

• pessimus

派生語

• optimas
• optimē

関連する語

• bonus
• melior
• optō
• optiō

派生した語

参照

• “bonus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• optimus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to wish prosperity to an undertaking: aliquid optimis ominibus prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...)
    
  • an ideal: species optima or eximia, specimen, also simply species, forma
    
  • Plato's ideal republic: civitas optima, perfecta Platonis
    
  • the sciences; the fine arts: optima studia, bonae, optimae, liberales, ingenuae artes, disciplinae
    
  • to be interested in, have a taste for culture: optimarum artium studio incensum esse
    
  • to have received a liberal education: optimis studiis or artibus, optimarum artium studiis eruditum esse
    
  • at the time of a most satisfactory government: optima re publica
    
  • the aristocracy (as a party in politics): boni cives, optimi, optimates, also simply boni (opp. improbi); illi, qui optimatium causam agunt
    
  • with full right: optimo iure
    
  • to have a good case: causam optimam habere (Lig. 4. 10)
    
  • legitimately; with the fullest right: optimo iure (cf. summo iure, sect. XV. 1).
    
  • (ambiguous) to deserve well at some one's hands; to do a service to..: bene, praeclare (melius, optime) mereri de aliquo
    
  • (ambiguous) my dear father: pater optime or carissime, mi pater (vid. sect. XII. 10)
    
  • (ambiguous) to hope well of a person: bene, optime (meliora) sperare de aliquo (Nep. Milt. 1. 1)
    
  • (ambiguous) to have the good of the state at heart: bene, optime sentire de re publica
    
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ob”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 421