英和和英

語源

From Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 北平 (Pei³-pʻing²).

固有名詞

Peiping

1. (dated) Beijing.
   • 1934 — Anon., All About Shanghai: A standard Guidebook, The University Press, Shanghai. 1983 reed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, →ISBN. p. 146;

     Peiping, one of the oldest cities in the world, and one of the most interesting! He who has not seen Peiping has really not seen the China of fable and history.

   • 1968, “PEKING (PEIPING)”, in Encyclopedia Britannica‎^[1], volume 17, LCCN 68-10064, OCLC 1036882, page 532, column 1:

     On July 7, 1937, the Japanese during maneuvers attacked the Marco Polo bridge (Lu-kou-ch'iao) across the Yung-ting Ho southwest of Peiping to sever the last railroad link with the rest of China.

   • 1979 March 18, “Peiping plot uses foreign journalists”, in Free China Weekly‎^[2], volume XX, number 10, Taipei, page 1:

別の表記

• (also from Wade–Giles) Peiping
• (also from pinyin) Beiping

語源

From Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 北平 (Pei³-pʻing²).^[1]

固有名詞

Pei-p'ing

1. (obsolete) Beijing.
   • 1935, Arlington, L. C., “Introduction”, in In Search of Old Peking‎^[2], published 2015, →ISBN, →OCLC, page xii:

     In 1928, when the Nationalist Government removed the capital to Nanking, Peking once more became merely a provincial town under the name Pei-p’ing, as in the first Ming period.

   • 1944, A. G. Wenley, John A. Pope, China‎^[3], Lord Baltimore Press, page 6:

     Pei-p'ing (Peking) has many times been the capital of China and in recent centuries has been the center of intellectual and cultural activities.

   • 1979, Shirley Carpenter, Atlas of Man and His World‎^[4], Aldus Books, →ISBN, page 124:

     The capital, Ulan Bator, has been linked by rail with the Trans-Siberian Railway at Ulan-Ude and with Pei-p'ing (Peking) in the south.

   • 2005, Ledderose, Lothar, “Tung Ch’i-ch’ang’s Treasure Trove [董其昌的寶藏]”, in 故宮學術季刊‎^[5], volume 23, number 1, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 29 March 2023, page 416:

     In Berlin Kümmel avidly collected the pertinent new literature published in Shanghai and by the Palace Museum in Pei-p’ing after its foundation in 1925.

   • 2007, Lahui Ako, “Beijing Sheng Into the 21st Century”, in Lahui Ako's Upstream Through Endless Sands of Blessings‎^[6], CBS Publishers & Distributors, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 508:

     Later on during the reigns of the first two emperors of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) Nanjing became their capital, and the old Mongol capital in the north was renamed Pei-p’ing (Northern peace). The third Ming emperor, however, restored it as the imperial seat of the dynasty and gave it a new name “Beijing” (northern capital).
     Since then, Beijing has remained the capital of China except for a brief period between 1928 and 1949 when Chiang Kai Shek’s Nationalist government moved the capital down to Nanjing again (although the capital was again relocated to Chungqing during WWII). During that time, Beijing again assumed the old name of Pei-p’ing which, ironically, is still used by the Nationalist government in Taiwan when referring to this city.

   • 2011, Stein, R. Conrad, World War II in the Pacific: From Pearl Harbor to Nagasaki‎^[7], Enslow Publishers, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 17:

     In 1937, an ancient stone bridge, named after the explorer Marco Polo, that spanned a river near the Chinese city of Pei-p’ing (now Beijing) became part of history.

   • 2012 August 6, Fallows, James, quoting Chas Freeman, “Chas Freeman on Why People Say 'Beizhing'”, in The Atlantic‎^[8], archived from the original on 07 August 2012‎^[9]:

     At the conclusion of the 1926 - 28 "northern expedition," Chiang proclaimed victory and renamed Beijng as "Beiping" ("northern peace"). In the Wade-Giles orthography that prevailed at the time, this was written "Pei-p'ing." Westerners naturally pronounced that as "Pay Ping." John Foster Dulles and others, having been influenced by the "China Lobby," (some of which understood the political subtleties of the Chinese language involved) adamantly enforced the use of Pei-p'ing as the name of the (bogus) capital of the (Soviet puppet) People's Republic of China on pain of political chastisement. Saying "Peking" was career-threatening.
     When I joined the Foreign Service in 1965, I was duly counseled to avoid the use of Peking and to say Pei-p'ing instead.

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