英和和英

名詞

xenization (uncountable)

1. (linguistics) The borrowing and integration of foreign linguistic elements into a language.
   • 2016, ТН Колокольцева, “Разговорная речь и разговорный стиль интернет-эпохи (English abstract)”, in Известия Волгоградского государственного:

     The article deals with the basic categories of the elevated style and the tactics to implement them: 1) techniques that help to avoid the associations that do not correspond to the idea of the beautiful; 2) various types of amplification that make speech ample. The techniques of the elevated pronunciation style form a system that is integrated into the mechanism of elevating. Such techniques are slow speech tempo, as well as the xenization of pronunciation by means of orthoepic borrowings from culturally prestigious languages.

   • 2017, Vasilij Moskvin, “On stylistic devices as style elevators in the Russian language”, in Russian Linguistics, volume 41:

     As well as this, the paper depicts the tactics surrounding their implementation in speech: 1) transfers that connect the inner form of the nominative units with the spheres of these categories; 2) ways of renaming (xenization, archaizing かつ others), that remove the association of the everyday and other associations that are incompatible with the idea of beauty from the notions; 3) various types of amplification which make the speech discursive, which is in line with the quantitative assessment of the category of the sublime (I. Kant).

   • 2019, Yuriy V. Kobenko, Petr I. Kostomarov, Elena V. Shitkova, Anastasia V. Moreva, Natalia A. Karpova, Elena S. Riabova, and Svetlana S. Taydonova, “Dynamics of development and approaches to the temporal periodization of the standard German idiom”, in AIP Conference Proceedings, volume 2135:

     The core point of the theory of exoglossy is the concept of a “pendulum”, which assumes compensation for deviations of the language system towards a certain pole: the degree of xenization (integration of Foreign elements) corresponds to the degree of the subsequent archaization of the recipient language system (preservation of its own elements) and vice versa

2. (biology) The process of integrating an organism into an environment containing other types of organisms.

   Antonym: axenization

   • 1961, JD Costlow -, “Fluctuations in hormone activity in Brachyura larvae”, in Nature:

     A.xenization was accomplished by rinsing the worms 3 times in sterile distilled water, followed by their transfer to 10 ml. antibiotic solution (1,000 units potassium penicillin G かつ 100 y streptomycin sulphate per ml.);

   • 1994 January, I Montfort, R Pérez-Tamayo, “Is phagocytosis related to virulence in Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn, 1903?”, in Parasitology Today, volume 10, number 7:

     Another possible mechanism to explain the 'healthy carrier' state would be through a transient decrease in amebic virulence, and this possibility is suggested by the common observation of loss of virulence in prolonged axenic cultures of pathogenic strains of E. histolytica, which is reversible by different means (eg. xenization of the cultures, treatment with cholesterol, または with serum complement, かつ passage through liver).

   • 2008 August, Chandrama Mukherjee, C. Graham Clar, Anuradha Lohia, “Entamoeba Shows Reversible Variation in Ploidy under Different Growth Conditions and between Life Cycle Phases”, in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, volume 2, number 8, page 2:

     For re-xenization, the axenic cells were re-associated with the bacterial flora obtained from the original xenic cultures, and grown in LYSGM as above [18].

3. The act of spending time in a foreign culture.
   • 20??, Bill Heavey, “A Case for Taking a Solo Trip”, in Men's Journal:

     Xenization is the act of traveling alone as a stranger in a foreign land. When one writer was 17, he traveled alone to Europe for the first time, to wash dishes in Gstaad, Switzerland, for the summer.

   • 2011, Alex McCann Johnson, Vindico: I Am Liberation, page 48:

     He noticed that Logan was smiling at his dullness and asked, "What are you used to doing for fun?" “Well, obviously not traveling in xenization like you! I don't actually do much. I have fun and stuff, but I try to stay at home and do what needs to be done. Plus, my roommate and my godson keep me occupied."

   • 2019 November 4, “Word of the Week”, in Song Bar:

     In the 19th century a period of xenization was encouraged in young adulthood of the monied classes as a key part of education to gain a worldly perspective.

   • 2020, A Nameless Person: Poetry:

     Already accepting The life of an unclear face Her only purpose is xenization