英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 persoun, personne et al., from Anglo-Norman parsone, persoun et al. (Old French persone (“human being”), French personne), and its source Latin persōna (“mask used by actor; role, part, character”), perhaps a loanword from Etruscan 𐌘𐌄𐌓𐌔𐌖 (φersu, “mask”). In this sense, displaced native man, which came to mean primarily "adult male" in 中期英語; see 古期英語 mann. Doublet of parson and persona.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈpɜː.sən/, [ˈpʰɜːsn̩]
• (General American) IPA: /ˈpɜɹ.sən/, [ˈpʰɝsn̩]
• (New England, obsolete) IPA: /ˈpɑ.sən/
• (Indic) IPA: /ˈpər.sən/, /-zən/, (non-rhotic) [ˈpɜː-]
• ハイフネーション: per‧son
• 韻: -ɜː(ɹ)sən, (Indic, also) -ɜː(ɹ)zən

名詞

person (plural people or persons)

1. An individual who has been granted personhood; usually a human being. [from 13th c.]
   • 1784, William Jones, The Description and Use of a New Portable Orrery, &c., PREFACE

     THE favourable reception the Orrery has met with from Perſons of the firſt diſtinction, and from Gentlemen and Ladies in general, has induced me to add to it ſeveral new improvements in order to give it a degree of Perfection; and diſtinguiſh it from others; which by Piracy, or Imitation, may be introduced to the Public.

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 85:

     “A very welcome, kind, useful present, that means to the parish. By the way, Hopkins, let this go no further. We don't want the tale running round that a rich person has arrived. Churchill, my dear fellow, we have such greedy sharks, and wolves in lamb's clothing. […]”

   Each person is unique, both mentally and physically.

   1. A character or part, as in a play; a specific kind or manifestation of individual character, whether in real life, or in literary or dramatic representation; an assumed character.
      • 1622, Francis, Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Alban [i.e. Francis Bacon], The Historie of the Raigne of King Henry the Seventh, […], London: […] W[illiam] Stansby for Matthew Lownes, and William Barret, →OCLC, page 186:

        […] his firſt appearance vpon the Stage, in his new perſon of a Sycophant or Iugler […]

      • 1664, Robert South, Of the Love of Christ to his Disciples:

        How different […] is the same man from himself, as he sustains the person of a magistrate, and […] that of a friend!

      • 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 155–156:

        […] to beare rule, which was thy part / And perſon, had’ſt thou known thy ſelf aright.

      • 1651–1653, Jer[emy] Taylor, ΕΝΙΑΥΤΟΣ [Eniautos]. A Course of Sermons for All the Sundays of the Year. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Richard Royston […], published 1655, →OCLC:

        No man can long put on a person and act a part.

   2. (Christianity) Any one of the three hypostases of the Holy Trinity: the Father, Son, or Holy Spirit.
      • 1892, Book of Common Prayer, The Litanie:

        three persons and one God

   3. Any sapient or socially intelligent being.
   4. (in a compound noun or noun phrase) Someone who likes or has an affinity for (a specified thing). [from 20th c.]

      Jack's always been a dog person, but I prefer cats.

   5. (in a compound noun or noun phrase) A human of unspecified gender (in terms usually constructed with man or woman).
   6. (in a compound noun or noun phrase) A worker in a specified function or specialty.

      I was able to speak to a technical support person and get the problem solved.

2. The physical body of a being seen as distinct from the mind, character, etc. [from 14th c.]
   • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 3, section 1, member 2, subsection 3, page 347:

     […] when the young Ladies laughed at her for it, ſhe replied that it was not his perſon that ſhe did embrace and reverence, but the divine beauty of his Soule.

   • 1897 October 16, Henry James, chapter XVI, in What Maisie Knew, Chicago, Ill.; New York, N.Y.: Herbert S. Stone & Co., →OCLC, page 188:

     The Captain, inclining his military person, sat sideways to be closer and kinder […].

   • 1978, Lawrence Durrell, Livia, Faber & Faber 1992 (Avignon Quintet), page 418:

     At first blush it seemed that what was striking about him rested on the fact that his dress was exotic, his person foreign.

3. (law) Any individual or formal organization with standing before the courts. [from 14th c.]

   At common law a corporation or a trust is legally a person.

4. (law, euphemistic) The human genitalia; specifically, the penis.
   • 1824, Vagrancy Act 1824 (5 Geo. 4. c. 83, United Kingdom), section 4:

     [E]very Person wilfully, openly, lewdly, and obscenely exposing his Person in any Street, Road, or public Highway, or in the View thereof, or in any Place of public Resort, with Intent to insult any Female ... and being subsequently convicted of the Offence for which he or she shall have been so apprehended, shall be deemed a Rogue and Vagabond, within the true Intent and Meaning of this Act ...

5. (grammar) A linguistic category used to distinguish between the speaker of an utterance and those to whom or about whom they are speaking. See grammatical person. [from 14th c.]
6. (biology) A shoot or bud of a plant; a polyp or zooid of the compound Hydrozoa, Anthozoa, etc.; also, an individual, in the narrowest sense, among the higher animals. [from 19th c.]
   • 1884, Patrick Geddes, “Morphology”, in Encyclopædia Britannica, volume 16:

     True corms, composed of united personae […] usually arise by gemmation, […] yet in sponges and corals occasionally by fusion of several originally distinct persons.

7. A soulmate; someone, especially a romantic partner, with whom one is exceptionally compatible and connected.
   • 2022 January 25, Emily Forbes, The Perfect Mother for His Son, Harlequin, →ISBN:

     'I still miss her. Every day,' she said. 'She was my person. […] [And when she died,] I'd lost my person. I was eight years old and I'd lost my person. Willow and I even had our own language, as lots of twins do, but I stopped talking after she died.'

   • 2022 August 23, Chris Brinkley, My Story of Us: Thomas, Smartypants Romance, →ISBN:

     Standing in the rain, she looked at me and said, "I have lost my person. Cal was my person. What am I going to do? I lost my person." The words didn't make sense to me. […] She lost her person? What does that even mean? Cal was more than a person. He was this great man and legendary basketball coach. I get if you have lost your dog or cat [...] But I lost my person? […] I finally understood [...] Because I realized that you are my person. It means that in a world of eight billion people, if I lost you, there would still be seven billion, nine-hundred and ninety-nine million, nine-hundred and ninety-nine thousand, nine-hundred and ninety-nine people [...] But none of those people matter. None of them are you.

使用する際の注意点

• In senses 1.1, 1.3, and 1.4, the plural is most commonly people. In senses 1.2, 2, 3, and 5, persons is the only plural.
• Traditionally a distinction was often made in formal language whereby people was used of human beings in general and of larger, more anonymous groups, while persons described a finite, known number of individuals. To the degree that speakers still use the plural persons, it is indeed often restricted to this latter context. However, Garner considers the distinction pedantic and most style guides (including e.g. the Associated Press and New York Times) now recommend people. Persons is still generally used in technical and legal contexts.
• Referring to an individual as a “person” (rather than a gentleman, lady, etc.) was formerly perceived as a slight:

1836, King William IV, quoted in Clare Jerrold, The Early Court of Queen Victoria (New York: Putnam, 1912), at p. 97:

I trust in God that my life may be spared for nine months longer, after which period, in the event of my death, no Regency would take place. I should then have the satisfaction of leaving the Royal authority to the personal exercise of that young lady [the future Queen Victoria], the heiress presumptive to the Crown, and not in the hands of a person now near me [Victoria's mother], who is surrounded by evil advisers and who is herself incompetent to act with propriety in the station in which she would be placed. I have no hesitation in saying that I have been insulted, grossly insulted by that person, but I am determined to endure no longer a course of behaviour so disrespectful to me.

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:person

下位語

派生語

派生した語

• Nigerian Pidgin: pesin

動詞

person (third-person singular simple present persons, present participle personing or personning, simple past and past participle personed or personned)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To represent as a person; to personify; to impersonate.
   • 1644, J[ohn] M[ilton], “That ’’Beza’’’s opinion of regulating sinne by a politick law, cannot be sound”, in The Doctrine or Discipline of Divorce: […], 2nd edition, London: [s.n.], →OCLC, book II, page 59:

     Or let us perſon him like ſome wretched itinerary Judge, […]

2. (transitive, gender-neutral) To man, to supply with staff or crew.
   • 1981, John Nichols, “Sunday”, in The Nirvana Blues, New York, N.Y.: Ballantine Books, published May 1983, page 89:

     “Okay. Soon as Natalie heard, and while she was flailing around trying to turn up a Valium, she decided she had better call Scott Harrison and ask his opinion on what sort of advice, re legal moves, she ought to call back to Iréné, or Rama, or Wilkerson, or whoever’s personning the fort back there.” / “Whoever’s whatening the fort?” / “Please. […]”

   • 1996 fall/winter, Sharon Dezurick, “Glen Park Community Festival a Success”, in Kristin Nash, editor, Glen Park News, San Francisco, Calif.: Glen Park Association, →OCLC, columns 1–2:

     Thank you to the many who helped the festival succeed (and apologies to anyone omitted): […] Kevin and Mary Jannsen, for tireless work including the initial survey, soliciting raffle donations, selling tickets, personning the raffle booth during the festival, etc.

   • 2006 March 22–28, L.E. [Lady Exister] Leone [pseudonym; Dani Leone], “Ah, Sprrr-ing!”, in Tim Redmond, editor, San Francisco Bay Guardian, volume 40, number 25, San Francisco, Calif., →ISSN, page 61, column 1:

     And I sat at the counter and watched the cooker cat personning the griddle with one hand and the grill with the other.

   • 2007, Brian R. Brenner, Don't Throw This Away!: The Civil Engineering Life, page 40:

     We had hit the iceberg, and it was time to person the lifeboats.

   • 2008, Jess Lourey, chapter 21, in August Moon: A Murder-By-Month Mystery, Woodbury, Minn.: Midnight Ink, Llewellyn Publications, →ISBN, page 207:

     I was just mulling over the merits of working the fryer at McDonald’s versus personning the complaints desk at Wal-Mart when I took a right onto the dirt road leading to New Millennium Bible Camp.

   • 2008, William Guy, Something Sensational, page 337:

     We went so far as to stop in a hotel on the way out of Speyer — to ask for directions — but the teenaged girl personing the desk there seemed to be such an idiot […]

   • 2018 September, Paul Bowers, “The Wrasse and the Flatfish”, in The Panda Chronicles: A Mythology, 2nd edition, [Morrisiville, N.C.]: [Lulu.com], →ISBN, page 74:

     In fact, so inebriated were they that they could barely move, and, neither nest nor wheel being personned, the ship was as usual careening wildly across the main.

参照

Further reading

• “person”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• person in Britannica Dictionary
• person in Sentence collocations by Cambridge Dictionary
• person in Ozdic collocation dictionary
• person in WordReference English Collocations

アナグラム

• Posner, nopers, preons, prones, spreon