英和和英

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /mɑːsk/
• (Northern England, Scotland) IPA: /mask/
• (General American) IPA: /mæsk/
• 異形同音異義語: Marske, masque, masc (some accents)
• 韻: -æsk, -ɑːsk

語源 1

Borrowed from Middle French masque (“a covering to hide or protect the face”), from Italian maschera (“mask, disguise”), from (a byform of, see it for more) Medieval Latin masca, mascha, a borrowing of Proto-West Germanic *maskā, from which English mesh and mask (“mesh”) (below at Etymology 2) are inherited. Doublet of masque and mesh.

Replaced 古期英語 grīma (“mask”), whence grime, and displaced non-native 中期英語 viser (“visor, mask”) borrowed from Old French viser, visier.

別の表記

• masque (archaic)

名詞

mask (plural masks)

1. A cover, or partial cover, for the face, used for disguise or protection.

   a dancer's mask; a fencer's mask; a ball player's mask

   • 2022 March 1, Joe Biden, “Remarks of President Joe Biden – State of the Union Address As Prepared for Delivery”, in whitehouse.gov‎, archived from the original on 02 March 2022:

     Just a few days ago, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention—the CDC—issued new mask guidelines.
     Under these new guidelines, most Americans in most of the country can now be mask free.
     And based on the projections, more of the country will reach that point across the next couple of weeks.

2. That which disguises; a pretext or subterfuge.
   • 2021 October 26, Stephanie Zacharek, “The 19 Most Underrated Movies on Netflix”, in Time‎:

     Grouchy and wary and tender, he’s a sozzled hedonist seemingly out for himself—though his party-animal facade is just a mask for his bottomless generosity.

3. (poetic) Appearance, likeness.
   • 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XVIII”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 30:

     Come then, pure hands, and bear the head
     ⁠That sleeps or wears the mask of sleep,
     ⁠And come, whatever loves to weep,
     And hear the ritual of the dead.

4. A festive entertainment of dancing or other diversions, where all wear masks; a masquerade.
   • 1667, John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     This thought might lead me through the world's vain mask.

5. A person wearing a mask.
   • 1880, George Washington Cable, The Grandissimes: A Story of Creole Life:

     the mask that has the arm of the Indian queen

   • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:

     Jones, now taking the mask by the hand, fell to entreating her in the most earnest manner, to acquaint him where he might find Sophia; and when he could obtain no direct answer, he began to upbraid her gently […]

6. (obsolete) A dramatic performance in which the actors wore masks and represented mythical or allegorical characters.
7. (architecture) A grotesque head or face, used to adorn keystones and other prominent parts, to spout water in fountains, and the like.

   Synonym: mascaron

8. (fortification) In a permanent fortification, a redoubt which protects the caponiere.
9. (fortification) A screen for a battery.
10. (zoology) The lower lip of the larva of a dragonfly, modified so as to form a prehensile organ.
11. (publishing, film) A flat covering used to block off an unwanted portion of a scene or image.
12. (computing, programming) A pattern of bits used in bitwise operations; bitmask.
13. (computer graphics) A two-color (black and white) bitmap generated from an image, used to create transparency in the image.
14. (heraldry) The head of a fox, shown face-on and cut off immediately behind the ears.

同意語

• vizard (archaic)

下位語

• (a cover for the face): domino mask, sleep mask

派生語

動詞

mask (third-person singular simple present masks, present participle masking, simple past and past participle masked)

1. (transitive) To cover (the face or something else), in order to conceal the identity or protect against injury; to cover with a mask or visor.
   • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vi]:

     They must all be masked and vizarded

2. (transitive) To disguise as something else.
3. (transitive) To conceal from view or knowledge; to cover; to hide.
   • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

     Masking the business from the common eye

   • 1998, Rudolf Jakhel, Modern Sports Karate: Basics of Techniques and Tactics, Meyer & Meyer Sport, →ISBN:

     The opponent must not be able to recognize when we inhale and when we exhale. We achieve this by breathing with the diaphragm and we do not raise the shoulders while breathing. In particular we must mask when we are out of breath.

   • 2020, Lisa Morgan, Mary Donahue, Living with PTSD on the Autism Spectrum: Insightful Analysis with Practical Applications, Jessica Kingsley Publishers, →ISBN, page 118:

     Many autistic people have language and cognitive skills; [and] they mask their autism, cover up social discomfort, and work hard to be someone they are not, so people often see them as “fitting in” just fine.

4. (transitive, military) To conceal; also, to intervene in the line of.
5. (transitive, military) To cover or keep in check.

   to mask a body of troops or a fortess by a superior force, while some hostile evolution is being carried out

6. (intransitive) To take part as a masker in a masquerade.
   • c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v]:

     Come Pentecost as quickly as it will,
     Some five and twenty years, and then we mask’d.

   • 1641, George Cavendish, Thomas Wolsey, Late Cardinall, his Lyffe and Deathe:

     noble Gentilmen / who daunced & masked wt thes fayer ladyes & gentillwomen

7. (intransitive) To put on a mask; to wear a mask.

   Synonym: mask up

   • 2020 December 30, Jaren Kerr, “Flu almost non-existent this year as coronavirus cases rise across Canada”, in The Globe and Mail‎:

     Dr. Shelita Dattani, director of professional affairs at the Canadian Pharmacists Association, says […] . “The efforts that we’re taking to reduce the spread of COVID are working … people are masking and distancing and staying away from each other and using hand hygiene, so I think all of these efforts combined are contributing to lower rates.”

8. (intransitive, obsolete) To disguise oneself, to be disguised in any way.
   • c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

     Ioue sometime maſked in a ſhepheards weede,
     And by thoſe ſteps that he hath ſcal’d the heauens,
     May we become immortall like the Gods.

9. (intransitive) To conceal or disguise one's autism; to learn, practice, and perform certain behaviors and suppress others in order to appear more neurotypical.
   • 2018, Sally Cat, PDA by PDAers: From Anxiety to Avoidance and Masking to Meltdowns, Jessica Kingsley Publishers, →ISBN, page 86:

     Masking is exhausting and some autistics require copious amounts of time afterwards to recover from hiding who they are and pretending to be someone they aren't. Even when autistics mask they don't always pass fully as an NT person.

   • 2020, Sarah Kurchak, I Overcame My Autism and All I Got Was This Lousy Anxiety Disorder, unnumbered page:

     Masking can leave a person with less energy to handle other aspects of their day, from performing basic housework to processing thoughts and feelings.

   • 2021, Yenn Purkis, Wenn B. Lawson, The Autistic Trans Guide to Life, Jessica Kingsley Publishers, →ISBN, page 132:

     So, masking seems to be a very poor explanation for the difference in gender diagnosis of autism. In particular, masking requires theory of mind. How can autistic people successfully mask if they struggle with this ability?

   • 2021, Felicity Sedgewick, Laura Hull, Helen Ellis, Autism and Masking: How and Why People Do It, and the Impact It Can Have, page 220:

     Some group members describe masking during therapy in order to seem more likeable to the therapist, or because they felt it necessary in order to be seen as engaging with the support.

   • 2022, Hannah Louise Belcher, Taking Off the Mask: Practical Exercises to Help Understand and Minimise the Effects of Autistic Camouflaging, page 80:

     Kayleigh, who was finally diagnosed at 18, felt that she masked a lot growing up because she "always felt different and was bullied if [she] showed it both at home and in school".

10. (transitive) To cover or shield something, or a portion of something, so as to prevent reproduction or to safeguard the surface from the colors used when working with an air brush or painting.

    Synonym: mask off

11. (transitive, computing) To set or unset (certain bits, or binary digits, within a value) by means of a bitmask.
    • 1993, Richard E. Haskell, Introduction to computer engineering, page 287:

      That is, the lower nibble (the 4 bits 1010 = A) has been masked to zero. This is because ANDing anything with a zero produces a zero, while ANDing any bit with a 1 leaves the bit unchanged […]

12. (transitive, computing) To disable (an interrupt, etc.) by setting or unsetting the associated bit.
    • 1998, Rick Grehan, Robert Moote, Ingo Cyliax, Real-Time Programming: A Guide to 32-bit Embedded Development, page 199:

      Some hardware interrupts can be masked, or disabled; that is, the CPU is told to ignore them.

派生語

関連する語

語源 2

From 中期英語 maske, from 古期英語 max, masċ (“net”), from Proto-West Germanic *maskā (“mesh, netting, mask”). Doublet of mesh and mask above.

名詞

mask (plural masks)

1. Mesh.
2. (UK dialectal, Scotland) The mesh of a net; a net; net-bag.

語源 3

From 中期英語 *mask, masch, from 古期英語 māx, māsc (“mash”). Doublet of mash.

名詞

mask (plural masks)

1. (UK dialectal) Mash.

動詞

mask (third-person singular simple present masks, present participle masking, simple past and past participle masked)

1. (transitive, UK dialectal) To mash.
2. (transitive, UK dialectal) (brewing) To mix malt with hot water to yield wort.
3. (transitive, Scotland, Cumbria, Geordie, Northumbria, Durham dialectal) To be infused or steeped.
4. (UK dialectal, Scotland, Cumbria, Geordie, Northumbria, Durham) To prepare tea in a teapot; alternative to brew.
5. (Scotland, Northern England, rare, of clouds, the weather, a storm, etc) To prepare (to storm).
   • 1839, Whistle-Binkie; or, the Piper of the party: a collection of songs for the social circle ... Second edition, enlarged. Edited by John D. Carrick, page 108:

     I saw the storm was masking fast, That soon wad fa' on me; […]

   • 1876, John Mactaggart, The Scottish Gallovidian encyclopedia, or, The ... curiosities of the south of Scotland, page 364:

     ... mirky cluds in the south-wast / Are masking up a blashy blast, ...

   • 1900, J. Milne, Poems, section 43:

     The whislin' key hole o the door / Fou plainly tells a storm is maskin'.

語源 4

From 中期英語 masken, short for *maskeren, malskren (“to bewilder; be confused, wander”). More at masker.

動詞

mask (third-person singular simple present masks, present participle masking, simple past and past participle masked)

1. (transitive, UK dialectal) To bewilder; confuse.

アナグラム

• KAMs, ma'ks, maks