abugidaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Ge'ez አቡጊዳ (ʾäbugida). First use appears c. 1961. See cite below.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ˌɑː.buˈɡiː.də/, /ˌæb.uˈɡiː.də/
• (Indic, spelling pronunciation) IPA: /ə.bʊ.ɡɪ.ɖɑ/

名詞

abugida (plural abugidas)

1. (linguistics) A kind of syllabary (syllabic alphabet) in which a symbol or glyph representing a syllable contains parts representing a vowel and a consonant, such that symbols for syllables not including the default vowel are generated by adding a common notation to indicate the vowel that it does include.
   • 1961, Haile Sellassie I University (contributor), University College Review - Volume 1, Issue 1, page 137:

     Words are entered under the Abugida system.

   • 1997 [Routledge], Peter T. Daniels, 2: Scripts of Semitic Languages, Robert Hetzron (editor), The Semitic Languages, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2005, Transferred to Digital Printing, unnumbered page,

     An abugida is a script that uses characters for CV syllables wherein the several characters for some consonant plus the language's array of vowels are modifications of the character for that consonant followed by the unmarked vowel (phonemically /a/).

   • 2007, Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard 5.0, Addison-Wesley, page 200:

     In an abugida, each consonant carries an inherent vowel, usually /a/.

2. (linguistics) A kind of syllabary (syllabic alphabet) in which a symbol or glyph representing a syllable contains parts representing a vowel and a consonant, typically such that symbols for different syllables are generated by adding, altering or removing the vowel portion, often by applying a diacritic to a stable consonant symbol.
   • 1997 [Routledge], Peter T. Daniels, 2: Scripts of Semitic Languages, Robert Hetzron (editor), The Semitic Languages, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2005, Transferred to Digital Printing, unnumbered page,

     For the scripts of the Semitic languages, five categories are needed: logography, syllabary, abjad, alphabet, and abugida. A sixth, featural script, appears when Arabic script is adapted to non-Semitic languages. […] (The English word "abugida" is borrowed from the Amharic term for the letters of the script when taken in the order known from the Ge'ez transliterations of the Hebrew letter names found in the superscriptions of the sections of Psalm 119, as used in the liturgy; it takes the first four consonants and the first four vowels in their traditional order of presentation.)

   • 2015, Patricia Donegan, 1: The Emergence of Phonological Representation, Brian MacWhinney, William O'Grady (editors, The Handbook of Language Emergence, John Wiley & Sons (Wiley Blackwell), page 39,

     The widespread use and easy learnability of alphabetic writing systems, the typical arrangement of syllabic or abugida phoneme classes (as with Japanese kana, or devanagari), rhyme and alliteration, folk naming of correlative phoneme sets (like the “hard” and “soft” consonant groups of Slavic languages), differential learning of L2 sounds that can and cannot be readily identified with an L1 phoneme (Best, McRoberts, and Sithole, Werker and Tees, 1984b; Best and Tyler, 2007) - all assure us that phonemic perception and representation are not merely a result of alphabetic writing.

使用する際の注意点

• Languages that use abugidas include Amharic, Hindi and Burmese, as well as Cree and Ojibwe (for which Canadian Aboriginal syllabics were introduced during the 19th century). Note that Cree, Ojibwe and Lao do not use abugidas in the first sense, for they do not have default vowels, but they do use alphasyllabaries. For a list of abugidas, see List of writing systems on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

別の表記

• avugida

同意語

• alphasyllabary

上位語

• signary

派生語

• abugidic

参考

• abjad
• alphabet
• semisyllabary
• syllabary

Further reading

• Geʽez script on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Writing system on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Syllabic alphabets on Omniglot