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語源

Borrowed from Latin imperium (“power, command”), from imperō (“command, order”), from im- (form of in) + parō (“prepare, arrange; intend”). Doublet of empery and empire.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɪmˈpɪəɹi.əm/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ɪmˈpɪɹi.əm/
• 韻: -ɪəɹiəm

名詞

imperium (countable and uncountable, plural imperia or imperiums)

1. Supreme power; dominion.
2. The right to command the force of the state; sovereignty.

派生語

関連する語

• imperium in imperio

別の表記

• inperium

語源

From imperō (“command, order”) +‎ -ium, from im- (form of in) + parō (“prepare, arrange; intend”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ɪmˈpɛ.ri.ũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [imˈpɛː.ri.um]

名詞

imperium n (genitive imperiī or imperī); second declension

1. The empire, state, imperial government, realm, dominion.
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.279:

     “imperium sine fīne dedī”

     “I have granted them empire without end.”
     (The poetic voice is that of Jupiter speaking about the Romans.)

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.95–96:

     “quō postquam ventum est, ‘cōnsistitē!’ praescia māter
     ‘nam locus imperiī rūs erit istud’ ait.”

     “After he had arrived there, his prophetic mother said, ‘Halt!, for that countryside will be the place of empire.’”
     (The muse Calliope tells what the prophetess Carmenta said to Carmenta’s son, Evander of Pallantium, after his arrival in Italy.)

2. The right or power to command or be in control; dominion.

   Synonyms: ductus, potestas, arbitrium, auctōritās, regimen, regimentum

3. Absolute command or authority over the empire (or other polity); sovereignty; sway.

   Synonym: diciō

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.532:

     hanc fās imperiī frēna tenēre domum

     It is divine will that this house should hold the reins of empire.

4. (military) Military authority, the command (of an army).
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1:

     Q. Fuluio Ap. Claudio, prioris anni consulibus, prorogatum imperium est atque exercitus quos habebant decreti, adiectumque ne a Capua quam obsidebant abscederent priusquam expugnassent.

     The military authority of Quintus Fulvius and Appius Claudius, consuls of the previous year, was extended and the armies which they had were decided upon, and it was added as a proviso that they should not withdraw from Capua, which they were besieging, until they conquered it.

5. The exercise of authority, rule, law, control, sovereignty.

   Synonyms: diciō, praescrīptum, rēgula

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.20:

     Imperium se ab Caesare per proditionem nullum desiderare

     He desired no sovereignty from Caesar by treachery

6. A command, order, direction, bidding.

   Synonyms: dēcrētum, praeceptum, iussus, ēdictum, ēdictiō, nūntius, scītum, dēcrētiō, mandātum

   Ūnō imperiō ōstiātim tōtum oppidum compīlāvit.

   He plundered the whole city, house by house, by one command.

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

参照

• “imperium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “imperium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "imperium", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “imperium”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to enlarge the boundaries of a kingdom: fines (imperii) propagare, extendere, (longius) proferre
    
  • the empire reaches to the ends of the world: imperium orbis terrarum terminis definitur
    
  • to be a strict disciplinarian in one's household: severum imperium in suis exercere, tenere (De Sen. 11. 37)
    
  • monarchy: imperium singulare, unius dominatus, regium imperium
    
  • government by the mob: multitudinis dominatus or imperium
    
  • democracy: imperium populi or populare, civitas or res publica popularis
    
  • to confer supreme power on a person: imperium, rerum summam deferre alicui
    
  • to have power over some one: imperium tenere (in aliquem)
    
  • to maintain power, authority: imperium obtinere
    
  • to have unlimited power; to be invested with imperium: cum imperio esse (cf. XVI. 3)
    
  • to hold a high office (such as conferred imperium, i.e. consulatus, dictatura, praetura): in imperio esse
    
  • to prolong the command for a year: imperium in annum prorogare
    
  • to lay down one's power: imperium deponere (Rep. 2. 12. 23)
    
  • absolute power; autocracy: imperium singulare
    
  • to take upon oneself absolute power: imperium, regnum, tyrannidem occupare
    
  • to attack, overthrow a tyranny: imperium oppugnare, percellere
    
  • to prolong a person's command: prorogare alicui imperium (in annum)
    
  • civil and military offices: magistratus et imperia (Sall. Iug. 3. 1)
    
  • to deprive a person of his position as commandant: abrogare alicui imperium
    
  • the command-in-chief: summa belli, imperii (B. G. 2. 4. 7)
    
  • to hold a high command: cum imperio esse
    
  • to be commander-in-chief: imperii summam tenere (Rep. 2. 28)
    
  • to be commander-in-chief: imperii summae praeesse
    
  • to appoint some one commander-in-chief: imperii summam deferre alicui or ad aliquem, tradere alicui
    
  • the command is transferred, passes to some one: imperium transfertur ad aliquem (not transit)
    
  • to depose a person from his command: imperium alicui abrogare (Off.3. 10)
    
  • to make oneself master of a people, country: populum, terram suo imperio, suae potestati subicere (not sibi by itself)
    
  • to make one's submission to some one: se imperio alicuius subicere (not alicui)
    
  • to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion: sub imperio et dicione alicuius esse
    
  • to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion: subiectum esse, obnoxium esse imperio or dicioni alicuius (not simply alicui)
    
  • subjects: qui imperio subiecti sunt
    
• “imperium”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “imperium”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin