英和和英

語源 1

From 中期英語 primer, primere, from Medieval Latin primarius and primarium (“prayer book”) possibly via Anglo-Norman primer (“prayer book”), from prima (“prime the liturgical hour and office”) + -arius and -arium (suffix forming related objects). Its use for schoolbooks derived from the late medieval and early modern use of such prayer books to teach reading.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈpɹaɪ.mə/, enPR: prīʹmə
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈpɹɪm.əɹ/, enPR: prĭmʹər
• (米国発音, irregular, but common; borrowed from Etymology 2) IPA: /ˈpɹaɪməɹ/, enPR: prīʹmər
• 韻: -aɪmə(ɹ), -ɪmə(ɹ)
• Homophone: primmer

名詞

primer (plural primers)

1. (historical, Catholicism ecclesiastical) A prayer or devotional book intended for laity, initially an abridgment of the breviary and manual including the hours of the Virgin Mary, 15 gradual and 7 penitential psalms, the litany, the placebo and dirige forming the office of the dead, and the commendations.

   Synonyms: book of hours, prayer book

2. (historical, Protestantism ecclesiastical) Any of various similar works issued in England for private prayer in accordance with the Book of Common Prayer.
3. A children's book intended to teach literacy: how to read, write, and spell.
   • 1545, The A.B.C. Primers:
   • 1995, Neal Stephenson, The Diamond Age […] , New York: Bantam Spectra, →ISBN:

     Four-year-old Elizabeth Finkle-McGraw would receive the Young Lady's Illustrated Primer from her grandfather. Fiona Hackworth would be getting a copy of the Illustrated Primer too, for this had been John Percival Hackworth's crime: He had programmed the matter compiler to place the cockleburs on the outside of Elizabeth's book.

4. An introductory text on any subject, particularly basic concepts.
   • 1959 March, “New Reading on Railways: The Railwayman's Diesel Manual. By William F. Bolton. G. H. Lake. 7s. 6d.”, in Trains Illustrated, page 172:

     [...] The two assets of the book are clear explanation, and a multitude of extremely helpful diagrams, some in two colours, and cutaway photographs; these clearly unravel a difficult subject for the layman, as well as the student engineman for whom the primer is chiefly designed.

5. (New Zealand, obsolete) An elementary school class; an elementary school student.

派生語

語源 2

From prime +‎ -er.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ˈpɹaɪ.mə(ɹ)/, enPR: prīʹmə
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈpɹaɪmɚ/, enPR: prīmʹə
• 韻: -aɪmə(ɹ)

名詞

primer (countable and uncountable, plural primers)

1. Any substance or device, such as priming wire or blasting cap, used to ignite gunpowder or other explosive.
   • 1912, United States Army Ordnance Dept, Handbook of the 2.95-inch mountain gun mate/riel and pack outfit, →ISBN, page 17:

     The percussion primer, known as the “ 110-grain percussion primer,” contains an igniting charge of 95 grains of black powder in addition to the essential elements of a percussion primer.

   • 2003, Sam Fadala, The Gun Digest Blackpowder Loading Manual, →ISBN, page 73:

     Therefore, the shotgun primer is quite self- contained. It consists of a separate metal cup called a battery cup that contains the primer itself. That's why it is considered a two-piece primer.

   • 2016, Steve Sieberts, Gun Digest Shooter's Guide to Competitive Pistol Shooting, →ISBN, page 224:

     Take care when handling primers, especially ensure that your fingers are free of oil or dirt. Oil can affect the detonating properties of the primer pellet, and can be the cause of misfires if too much oil gets into the primer.

2. (obsolete) A person who primes explosives.
3. A substance used to prime wood, metal, etc. in preparation for painting.
4. A layer of such a substance.
5. A layer of makeup that goes beneath the foundation; undermakeup.
   • 1989, Stan Place, Bobbi Ray Madry, The Art and Science of Professional Makeup, →ISBN, page 95:

     The undermakeup (primer) should be allowed to dry-set for 30 seconds. Apply foundation over the primer with a sponge using light, careful strokes to blend. Undermakeups come in cream form, sponge-on wands, or sponge-on cream, and as a lotion.

6. (obsolete) A person who primes wood, metal, etc.
7. (biochemistry, genetics) A molecule which initiates the synthesis of an enzyme, (especially) a single-stranded nucleic acid molecule which initiates DNA replication.
8. (medicine, zoology) A pheromone which interacts first with the endocrine system.
9. A device used to prime an internal combustion engine with gasoline, (especially) in airplanes.
10. A person who prunes trees.

派生語

関連する語

• primary
• prime

語源 3

From Anglo-Norman primer (“first”), from Latin prīmārius (“first”).

形容詞

primer (not comparable)

1. (obsolete) First in time, initial, early.
   • 1612, Michael Drayton, “(please specify the chapter)”, in [John Selden], editor, Poly-Olbion. Or A Chorographicall Description of Tracts, Riuers, Mountaines, Forests, and Other Parts of this Renowned Isle of Great Britaine, […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes] for M[athew] Lownes; I[ohn] Browne; I[ohn] Helme; I[ohn] Busbie, →OCLC:

     the primer English kings

2. (obsolete) First in importance, premier.
3. (obsolete, rare) First in position, foremost.

派生語

• primer fine
• primer seizin

Further reading

• Prime, Primer and Priming in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)