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• præcedent (archaic)

語源

From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.

発音

• (noun):
  • (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada) enPR: prĕsʹĭ-dənt, IPA: /ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/
  • (General Australian, Ireland) IPA: /ˈpɹiː.sɪ.dənt/, /ˈpɹɛs-/
  • (New Zealand) IPA: /ˈpɹes.ɪ.dənt/, /ˈpɹiː-/
• (adjective):
  • IPA: /pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/
• 韻: -ɛnt

名詞

precedent (plural precedents)

1. An act in the past which may be used as an example to help decide the outcome of similar instances in the future.
   • [1594], Richard Hooker, edited by J[ohn] S[penser], Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], London: […] Iohn Windet, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page):

     Examples for cases can but direct as precedents only.

2. (law) A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case.
3. An established habit or custom.
4. (obsolete, with definite article) The aforementioned (thing).
   • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:
     , New York 2001, p.74:

     A third argument may be derived from the precedent.

5. The previous version.
6. (obsolete) A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy.
   • c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

     My Lord Melun, let this be copied out,
     I did suppose it should be on constraint ;
     And keep it safe for our remembrance :
     But , heaven be thank'd , it is but voluntary ,
     Return the precedent to these lords again

等位語

• (a case used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent one): case law

派生語

形容詞

precedent (not comparable)

1. Happening or taking place earlier in time; previous or preceding. [from 14th c.]

   Synonyms: antecedent, predecessive

2. (now rare) Coming before in a particular order or arrangement; preceding, foregoing. [from 15th c.]
   • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition III, section 2, member 1, subsection i:

     In the precedent section mention was made, amongst other pleasant objects, of this comeliness and beauty which proceeds from women […].

動詞

precedent (third-person singular simple present precedents, present participle precedenting, simple past and past participle precedented)

1. (transitive, law) To provide precedents for.
2. (transitive, law) To be a precedent for.

参考

• stare decisis

アナグラム

• precented