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quisque
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/03/10 19:45 UTC 版)
語源
From quis + -que (“each”). Compare to quoque and quisquam, and a parallel development in Gothic 𐍈𐌰𐌶𐌿𐌷 (ƕazuh).
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈkʷɪs.kʷɛ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈkʷis.kʷe]
代名詞
quisque (feminine quaeque, neuter quidque or quicque); indefinite substantival pronoun, singular only
quisque (feminine quaeque, neuter quodque); indefinite adjectival pronoun
- each one, each person, each individual
- everybody, everyone
- anyone, whoever
使用する際の注意点
- The dative or ablative plural quīsque does appear in Lucretius's Dē rērum nātūrā book IV: "praestō sint simulacra, locīs in quīsque, parātā" Some old editions of the 18th and 19th century however have "Praestō sint simulacra, locōs in quōsque, parātā"
- In Plautus and Terence, the feminine nominative and accusative singular can be quisque and quemque, identical to the masculine (compare use of quis as a feminine interrogative pronoun or adjective in the same time periods).
- There seems to be one inscriptional example of quīque as an alternative nominative singular masculine form ("quando quique eorum decesserit", CIL 6.1229).
語形変化
Irregular substantival pronoun: Indefinite substantival pronoun, singular only.
| singular | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | quisque | quaeque | quidque quicque |
| genitive | cuiusque | ||
| dative | cuique | ||
| accusative | quemque | quamque | quidque quicque |
| ablative | quōque quīque |
quāque quīque |
quōque quīque |
| vocative | — | ||
In Republican Latin or earlier, alternative spellings could be found for the following forms of quī/quis and its compounds: the masculine nominative singular or plural quī (old spelling quei), the genitive singular cuius (old spelling quoius), the dative singular cui (old spelling quoi or quoiei), the dative/ablative plural quīs (old spelling queis).
Irregular adjectival pronoun: Indefinite adjectival pronoun.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | quisque | quaeque | quodque | quīque | quaeque | ||
| genitive | cuiusque | quōrumque | quārumque | quōrumque | |||
| dative | cuique | quibusque quīsque |
|||||
| accusative | quemque | quamque | quodque | quōsque | quāsque | quaeque | |
| ablative | quōque | quāque | quōque | quibusque quīsque |
|||
| vocative | — | — | |||||
In Republican Latin or earlier, alternative spellings could be found for the following forms of quī/quis and its compounds: the masculine nominative singular or plural quī (old spelling quei), the genitive singular cuius (old spelling quoius), the dative singular cui (old spelling quoi or quoiei), the dative/ablative plural quīs (old spelling queis).
派生語
- suum cuique
- unusquisque
関連する語
参照
- ^ Friedrich Neue, Formenlehre der Lateinischen Sprache, 2nd part, 2nd edition, Berlin, 1875, p. 245: "Dat. und Ablat. Plur. [...] neben quibusque auch quisque Lucr. 4, 798".
- ^ Lukrez: Von der Natur. Lateinisch-deutsch. Herausgegeben und übersetzt von Hermann Diels. 3rd edition, 2013, p. 354, line 798
- ^ T. Lucretii Cari de rerum natura libros sex. Edited by Ricardus Bentleius and Gilbertus Wakefield, vol. II., London, 1797, p. 328, line 799, with the note: "Ver. 799. sint: Vind. V. ed. B. L. Δ. Π. Σ. in; M. sin: sed nullum esse dubitandi locum de vulgatâ voce censeo.—locos: O. Σ. locis, ut editiones communes; vetustis exemplis universis contra stantibus, non auscultandae.—quosque: sic P. Δ. Π. reliqui omnes, quisque; quae vox quo pacto cum locos in unâ sede morari queat, non invenio. Quod edidi, prius ex conjecturâ scripseram, quam libros ullos noverim concordantes. In locos autem exquisitissime dictum est pro vulgari in locis: me videas ad i. 889. Hyginus, fab. xli. "Quem pater cum mitteret, praedixit ei, ut, si victor reverteretur, vela candida in novem haberet." Qui locus incontinentes correctorum manus expertus est, Munckero tamen merito defensus. Idem, fab. cxxxix. "Juno autem Jovem in Cretensi insulâ detulit."
- ^ Titi Lucretii Cari de rerum natura libri sex. Edited by P. Aug. Lemaire, vol. I., Paris, 1838, p. 526, line 800, with the note: "800. Locos in quosque. Vulgo locis in queisque, vetustis exemplis universis contra stantibus. In locos autem exquisitissime dictum pro vulgari in locis, vide ad I, 889. Wak."
- ↑ “quisque” on pages 1562-1563 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
- ^ https://arachne.dainst.org/entity/3593910/image/3597130
- ^ Bonfante, Giuliano; Bonfante, Larissa (1999), The Origin of the Romance Languages, page 100: “The Latin pronouns aliquis, unusquique, quisque survive in Old Sardinian (alikis, uniskis, unukis, kis) in the sense of ‘each’ (Meyer-Lübke, Altlog., 41; Wagner p. 129), which aliquis did not have in Latin.”
Further reading
- “quisque”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “quisque”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "quisque", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “quisque”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
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