英和和英

語源 1

From 中期英語 sinne, synne, sunne, zen, from 古期英語 synn (“sin”), from Proto-West Germanic *sunnju, from Proto-Germanic *sunjō (“truth, excuse”) and *sundī, *sundijō (“sin”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁s-ónt-ih₂, from *h₁sónts ("being, true", implying a verdict of "truly guilty" against an accusation or charge), from *h₁es- (“to be”); compare 古期英語 sōþ ("true"; see sooth). Doublet of suttee.

別の表記

• sinne, synne (obsolete)

発音

• enPR: sĭn, IPA: /sɪn/
• 韻: -ɪn

名詞

sin (countable and uncountable, plural sins)

1. (theology) A violation of divine will or religious law.

   Synonyms: (in Hinduism) adharma, (in Islam) ithm, (in Islam) haram

   As a Christian, I think this is a sin against God.

   • 1866, James Buchanan, Mr. Buchanan's Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion‎, New York: D. Appleton and Company, →OCLC, →OL, page 9:

     Slavery, according to them, was a grievous sin against God, and therefore no human Constitution could rightfully shield it from destruction. It was sinful to live in a political confederacy which tolerated slavery in any of the States composing it; […]

2. Sinfulness, depravity, iniquity.

   Synonyms: baseness, degeneracy, turpitude; see also Thesaurus:iniquity

3. A misdeed or wrong.

   Synonyms: offence, misdoing; see also Thesaurus:misdeed

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:

     The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. […] The second note, the high alarum, not so familiar and always important since it indicates the paramount sin in Man's private calendar, took most of them by surprise although they had been well prepared.

4. A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Corinthians 5:21, column 2:

     For he hath made him to be ſinne for vs, who knewe no ſinne, […]

5. An embodiment of sin; a very wicked person.
   • 1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 222, column 1:

     Thy Ambition / (Thou Scarlet ſinne) robb’d this bewailing Land / Of Noble Buckingham, […]

6. A flaw or mistake.

   Synonyms: deficiency, fault; see also Thesaurus:defect

   No movie is without sin.

7. (sports) sin bin
   • 2023 October 28, Leighton Koopman, “YES!!! The Springboks beat the All Blacks to win another Rugby World Cup title”, in Independent Online‎:

     Winger Cheslin Kolbe, sitting with his jersey over his head in the sin after a yellow card at the death, was probably the sight of millions of South Africans around the country who had their hearts in their mouth as they sat through another nail-biting match.

派生語

動詞

sin (third-person singular simple present sins, present participle sinning, simple past and past participle sinned)

1. (intransitive, theology) To commit a sin.

派生語

語源 2

Modification of shin.

別の表記

• seen, sīn

発音

• IPA: /sɪn/, /siːn/

名詞

sin (plural sins)

1. A letter of the Hebrew alphabet; שׂ
2. A letter of the Arabic alphabet; س

語源 3

名詞

sin (plural sins)

1. Alternative form of sinh (“tube skirt”).

アナグラム

• INS, Ins, Ins., NIS, NSI, Niš, in's, ins, ins., nis

発音

• IPA: /siːn/

代名詞

sīn

1. (rare, chiefly dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his; her; its; their
   • him ġewāt Hrōþgār tō hofe sīnum ― For him Hrothgar went to his courtyard
   • þæt wīf tredeð mid sīnum fōtum ― The woman walks with her feet
   • þeċ heriað Israhēla, herran sīnne ― Israel plunders you, their lord
   • Bær sēo brimwylf hringa þengel tō hofe sīnum ― The sea-wolf carried the Prince of Rings to her lair

使用する際の注意点

• Usually occurs in non-West Saxon dialects; rarely occurs in West Saxon prose, where it was replaced early on by the genitive forms: his, hire, and heora.

語形変化

接続詞

sin

1. alternative form of sithen

語源 2

名詞

sin

1. alternative form of synne

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈsiːn]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈsin]

接続詞

sīn

1. if however, if on the contrary, but if

   sin aliter/minus/secus ― otherwise, if not

   • Nonne si bene egeris, recipies : sin autem male, statim in foribus peccatum aderit?

     If thou do well, shalt thou not receive? but if ill, shall not sin forthwith be present at the door? (Genesis 4:7, God speaking to Cain)

参照

• sin in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2026), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication

語源

From Proto-West Germanic *sin-, from Proto-Germanic *sin-, from Proto-Indo-European *sem-. Cognate with Old Frisian sin-, Old Saxon sin-, Old High German sin-, Old Norse sí-.

発音

• IPA: /sin/

接頭辞

sin-

1. ever-, continual, perpetual
2. (poetic) huge, immense; very

派生語

• Old English terms prefixed with sin-

  sinceald

  singal

  singrene

  sinhweorfan

  sinhweorfende

  sinnihte

  sinscipe

  sinhiwscipe

  sinewealt