英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 smothenesse; equivalent to smooth +‎ -ness. Compare 古期英語 smēþnes (“smoothness, a smooth place, a level surface”).

発音

名詞

smoothness (countable and uncountable, plural smoothnesses)

1. The condition of being smooth; the degree or measure of said condition.
   • 1946 July and August, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 213:

     The admirable smoothness of the riding also reflected the greatest credit on those who, despite the difficulties caused by the shortage of men and materials, have succeeded in maintaining the track in such first-class order.

   • 1998, Vladimir V. Senatov, Normal Approximation: New Results, Methods and Problems‎, Walter de Gruyter (VSP), page 32:

     The ‘smoothness’ of distributions can be understood in various senses, this is why we used quotation marks before; further we will drop them. The smoothness can be understood as the differentiability of the distribution function, boundedness of some of its derivatives, the existence of the absolutely continuous component, the decrease of the characteristic function with a certain rate, the validity of the Cramér condition, the condition ${\displaystyle \sigma (\Phi )\rightarrow 0}$ as ${\displaystyle n\rightarrow \infty }$, etc.

   • 2013, Robert Otto Rasmussen, “et al.”, in Real-time Smoothness Measurements on Portland Cement Concrete Pavements During Construction, Transportation Research Board, page 3:

     With it, paving operations can be adjusted "on the fly" to maintain or improve smoothness.

2. (mathematical analysis, of a function) The highest order of derivative (the differentiability class) over a given domain.

   Smoothness can vary from 0 (for a nondifferentiable function) to infinity (for a smooth function).

3. (approximation theory, numerical analysis, of a function) The quantity measured by the modulus of smoothness.
   • 2013, Feng Dai, Yuan Xu, Approximation Theory and Harmonic Analysis on Spheres and Balls, Springer, page 79:

     A central problem in approximation theory is to characterize the best approximation of a function by polynomials, or other classes of simple functions, in terms of the smoothness of the function. In this chapter, we study the characterization of the best approximation by polynomials on the sphere. In the classical setting of one variable, the smoothness of a function on ${\displaystyle \mathbb {S} ^{1}}$ is described by the modulus of smoothness, defined by the forward difference.

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “condition of being smooth”): jerkiness, roughness

派生語

参考

• differentiability class
• modulus of continuity
• modulus of smoothness
• uniform continuity

Further reading

• Modulus of smoothness on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Modulus of continuity on Wikipedia.Wikipedia