英和和英

固有名詞

Ili

1. Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, an autonomous prefecture in northern Xinjiang, China.
   • 1878, Demetrius Charles Boulger, The Life of Yakoob Beg; Athalik Ghazi and Badaulet; Ameer of Kashgar‎^[1], London: Wm. H. Allen & Co., page 126:

     Practically speaking, Yakoob Beg was safe from invasion from the east so long as he maintained order within his own frontier and the Tungani in Ili on his north had manifested no special hostility against his state.

   • 1963, A. Doak Barnett, China on the Eve of Communist Takeover‎^[2], Frederick A. Praeger, page 244:

     Once the Russians had moved into Ili, it was not so easy for the Chinese to oust them from the region. A preliminary Sino-Russian treaty in 1879 gave Russia valuable parts of the region, an indemnity for occupation costs, and commercial privileges, but this treaty was denounced by the Peking Government. Finally, in 1881, a treaty settling the problem was signed, and the Ili region was retained by the Chinese and evacuated by the Russians.

   • 1975, Morris Rossabi, China and Inner Asia: From 1368 to the Present Day‎^[3], New York: Pica Press, page 148:

     The Ch’ing emperor was delighted with the final destruction of the Dzungars. He erected two sizeable monuments in Ili, with inscriptions in Chinese, Manchu, Oirat, and Tibetan, to commemorate his victory.

   • 1990, Linda Benson, The Ili Rebellion: The Moslem Challenge to Chinese Authority in Xinjiang, 1944-1949‎^[4], M. E. Sharpe, page 121:

     According to later reports, one of the main problems was that the Ili and Tacheng districts, which were entitled to fourteen and six representatives respectively, had sent eighteen and eight instead. Furthermore, five of those sent by Tacheng were not on the original list of those elected. The IIi District also sent an extra two representatives, on behalf of the Sibo, Solon, and Manchu populations of IIi, which was quite outside the original regulations.

   • 2020, Chen, Y. et al., “Microbial community composition and its role in volatile compound formation during the spontaneous fermentation of ice wine made from Vidal grapes”, in Process Biochemistry‎^[5], volume 92, page 365:

     Vidal grape grown in Ili, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, is one of few grapes used to ferment ice wine in China. Microbial community structure and volatile composition during the spontaneous fermentation of ice wine made from Vidal grapes in Ili were investigated using amplicon sequencing technology and headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometer technologies.

2. A river situated in Xinjiang of north-western China and south-eastern Kazakhstan.
   • 1962, W. A. Douglas Jackson, The Russo-Chinese Borderlands: Zone of Peaceful Contact or Potential Conflict?‎^[6], D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., page 9:

     The Ili, rising inside Sinkiang, drains into Lake Balkhash in Soviet Kazakhstan, nearly a thousand miles to the west. Not far inside the USSR, to the south of the Ili on the Turkestan-Siberian Railway, sits Alma-Ata, the capital of the Kazakh SSR. Founded by the Russians a century ago, it contains over 456,000 inhabitants, mainly Russian. From its position, the city is able to command the western approach to the upper Ili. The largest city on the Chinese Ili is Kuldja, a fortress town, with a population well over 110,000.

同意語

• (from Mandarin Chinese) Yili