英和和英

語源

From older *tempos, *tempes- (whence tempus) + -tās.

Compare typologically Macedonian невреме (nevreme), Serbo-Croatian не̏вре̄ме akin to Macedonian време (vreme) (Serbo-Croatian вре́ме). Also compare Russian непого́да (nepogóda) (akin to год (god)).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [tɛmˈpɛs.taːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [temˈpɛs.tas]

名詞

tempestās f (genitive tempestātis); third declension

1. portion, point, or space of time; time, season, period
2. (as time's physical qualities) weather (good or bad)
3. (esp. bad weather) storm, tempest, gale

   Synonyms: turbō, procella, imber, hiems

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.52–54:

     [...] Hic vastō rēx Aeolus antrō
     luctantēs ventōs tempestātēsque sonōrās
     imperiō premit ac vinclīs et carcere frēnat.

     Here in a vast cave, King Aeolus –
     struggling stormwinds! and resounding tempests! –
     by [his] command represses, both with chains and a prison [he] restrains.
     (Through evocative word-sounds the poet repeats the consonants “s” and “t” to portray fantastical noises caused by trapped stormwinds. See literary consonance; Aeolus (son of Hippotes).)

4. (figuratively) storm, tempest, attack, commotion, disturbance, calamity, misfortune
   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.22:

     Tametsī videō, sī, meā vōce perterritus, īre in exilium animum indūxerīs, quanta tempestās invidiae nōbīs, sī minus in praesēns tempus, recentī memoriā scelerum tuōrum, at in posteritātem impendeat.

     Although I see, if, terrified by my words, you bring your mind to go into exile, how great a storm of unpopularity threatens us — if so less at the present time, due to the recent memory of your crimes, then at least for the future.

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

同意語

• (season): hōra
• (winter): hiems
• (storm, tempest): hiems, procella, tumultus, intemperiēs

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “storm, tempest”): tranquillum

派生語

• tempestīvus
• tempestuōsus
• Tempestātes (“the weather-goddess”)

派生した語

参照

• “tempestas”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “tempestas”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "tempestas", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “tempestas”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • a storm is rising: tempestas cooritur
    
  • to meet with good weather: tempestatem idoneam, bonam nancisci
    
  • a storm accompanied by heavy claps of thunder: tempestas cum magno fragore (caeli) tonitribusque (Liv. 1. 16)
    
  • the ships sail out on a fair wind: ventum (tempestatem) nancti idoneum ex portu exeunt
    
  • to be driven out of one's course; to drift: tempestate abripi
    
  • the storm drives some one on an unknown coast: procella (tempestas) aliquem ex alto ad ignotas terras (oras) defert
    
• tempestas in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 611