Iuxtaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Unclear, but reflects an earlier ablative form. Proposals include:

• from Proto-Italic *jougestos (“yoked”), from *jougos (“team of yoke animals”) (whence Latin iūgera pl), from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yewg-es-, from *(H)yewg- (“join together”);
• from Proto-Italic *jugistos (“closest”), equivalent to *(H)yug- +‎ *-istHos (“superlative suffix”); however, this suffix is otherwise not found in Latin.

The accusative is from the suffix used adverbially.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈjuːk.staː], [ˈjʊk.staː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈjuk.st̪a]
• Note: the length of the /u/ is uncertain due to lack of graphic attestations, unclear etymology and common conflation with iūstus (“just; exact”) already in Latin as well as its Romance descendants. Most other dictionaries list it as short.

副詞

iū̆xtā (not comparable)

1. nearly, nigh

   Synonyms: paene, fermē, ferē, prope

2. near, close to
3. just as

前置詞

iū̆xtā (+ accusative)

1. near, close to, next to
   • c. 100 CE – 110 CE, Tacitus, Histories 1.44:

     Praefixa contīs capita gestābantur inter signa cohortium iū̆xtā aquilam legiōnis...

     Heads attached to the points of pikes were being carried about next to the [heralidic] eagle of the legion...

2. adjoining
3. like
4. (Late Latin, Medieval Latin) according to

派生した語

参照

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “jŭxta”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 5: J L, page 96
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “jŭxtare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 5: J L, page 97
• Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) “secondo”, in Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

Further reading

• “juxtā”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “iuxta”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "iuxta", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• juxtā in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• iuxta in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• "iūxtā" in Karl Ernst Georges, Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch
• Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges Founded on Comparative Grammar, Ginn & Company, 1903, page 130.
• Dirk Panhuis, Roland Hoffmann (translator), Lateinische Grammatik, Walter de Gruyter, 2015, pages 84 and 86.
• "iūxtā" in PONS, Deutsch-Latein-Wörterbuch (German-Latin dictionary)