iuvoとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Uncertain. The word probably originates from a PIE reduplicated present *h₁íHewHeti (“to help”), from the root *h₁ewH-. This same PIE verb may be the source of Hittite [Term?] (/⁠iyauwatta⁠⁠/, “to be healed, recover”). Proto-Indo-European *h₁íHewHeti may have produced an athematic Proto-Italic verb *iow-, which then became iuvere. The form iuvere is likely the source of iuvō, -āre, although the exact process of derivation is unclear. It may have developed as an iterative to iuvere or it may have emerged as a back-formation from adiuvō, -āre, which—according to this theory—would have derived from ad- +‎ iuvere via the same pattern as pellō, pellere and appellō, appellāre. It is unusual for PIE *-ew- to yield Latin Latin *-u-. De Vaan suggests that iuvere may have replaced earlier *iovere by analogy with iuvāre, which itself—if the back-formation hypothesis is accepted—may have replaced earlier *iovāre by analogy with adiuvō.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈjʊ.woː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈjuː.vo]

動詞

iuvō (present infinitive iuvāre, perfect active iūvī, supine iūtum); first conjugation

1. to help, aid

   Synonyms: adiūtō, adiuvō, foveō, assistō, succurrō, sublevō, prōficiō, prōsum, adsum

   Antonym: officiō

   audaces fortuna iuvat ― Fortune favours the brave (Virgil, Aeneid)

2. to delight, gratify, please

   Synonyms: permulceō, dēlectō, fruor, congrātulor, exhilarō

   Quamvis non rectum quod iuvat rectum putes ― It may not be right but if it pays think it so (Publilius Syrus)

Conjugation

派生語

• adiuvō
• dēiuvō
• iūcundus
• praeiuvō

派生した語

参照

Further reading

• “juvo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “iuvo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “iuvo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to give a person the advantage of one's advice (and actual support): aliquem consilio (et re) iuvare
    
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 530