yokeとは 意味・読み方・使い方
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意味・対訳 (一対の牛などを首の所でつなぐ)くびき、(くびきにつないだ牛などの)一対、(人やものを結びつける)絆(きずな)、夫婦の縁、くびき状のもの、(手おけなどを肩でかつぐための)天びん棒、(暴君などの)支配、圧迫、(奴隷などの)束縛(状態)、隷属
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yokeの学習レベル | レベル:7英検:準1級以上の単語学校レベル:大学以上の水準TOEIC® L&Rスコア:730点以上の単語大学入試:最難関大対策レベル |
研究社 新英和中辞典での「yoke」の意味 |
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「yoke」を含む例文一覧
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遺伝子名称シソーラスでの「yoke」の意味 |
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YokE
bacillus | 遺伝子名 | YokE |
同義語(エイリアス) | ||
SWISS-PROTのID | --- | |
EntrezGeneのID | --- | |
その他のDBのID | Subtilist:BG13572 |
本文中に表示されているデータベースの説明
Wiktionary英語版での「yoke」の意味 |
yoke
発音
語源 1
From Middle English yok, yoke, ȝok[1] from 古期英語 ġeoc (“yoke”), from Proto-Germanic *juką (“yoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm (“yoke”), from *yewg- (“to join; to tie together, yoke”).[2] Doublet of yuga, jugum, yoga and possibly yogh.
Senses 3.1 (“area of arable land”) and 3.2 (“amount of work done with draught animals”) probably referred to the area of land that could generally be ploughed by yoked draught animals within a given time.[2]
名詞
- Senses relating to a frame around the neck.
- A bar or frame by which two oxen or other draught animals are joined at their necks enabling them to pull a cart, plough, etc.; (by extension) a device attached to a single draught animal for the same purpose.
- c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, A Midsommer Nights Dreame. […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Richard Bradock] for Thomas Fisher, […], published 1600, OCLC 1041029189, [Act II, scene i]:
- 1728, James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, OCLC 642619686, lines 34–40, page 4:
- Joyous, th' impatient huſbandman perceives / Relenting Nature, and his luſty ſteers / Drives from their ſtalls, to where the well-us'd plough / Lies in the furrow, looſened from the froſt. / There, unrefuſing, to the harneſs'd yoke / They lend their ſhoulder, and begin their toil, / Chear'd by the ſimple ſong and ſoaring lark.
- Any of various linking or supporting objects that resembles a yoke (sense 1.1); a crosspiece, a curved bar, etc.
- 1890 July 4, W. Lloyd Wise, compiler, “‘Engineering’ Illustrated Patent Record”, in W[illiam] H[enry] Maw and J[ames] Dredge [Jr.], editors, Engineering: An Illustrated Weekly Journal, volume L, London: Offices for advertisements and publication—35 & 36, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C., ISSN 0013-7782, OCLC 741850108, page 29, column 1:
- A pole carried on the neck and shoulders of a person, used for carrying a pair of buckets, etc., one at each end of the pole; a carrying pole. [from 17th c.]
- 1876, Thomas Hardy, “A Street in Anglebury—A Heath Near—Inside the ‘Old Fox Inn’”, in The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], OCLC 912954463, page 3:
- The speaker, who had been carrying a pair of pails on a yoke, deposited them upon the edge of the pavement in front of the inn, and straightened his back to an excruciating perpendicular.
- (aviation) Any of various devices with crosspieces used to control an aircraft; specifically, the control column. [from 20th c.]
- (video games) A similar device used as a game controller.
- (bodybuilding) Well-developed muscles of the neck and shoulders.
- (clothing) The part of an item of clothing which fits around the shoulders or the hips from which the rest of the garment hangs, and which is often distinguished by having a double thickness of material, or decorative flourishes. [from 19th c.]
- (electrical engineering) Originally, a metal piece connecting the poles of a magnet or electromagnet; later, a part of magnetic circuit (such as in a generator または motor) not surrounded by windings (“wires wound around the cores of electrical transformers”).
- (electronics) The electromagnetic coil that deflects the electron beam in a cathode ray tube. [from 19th c.]
- (glassblowing) A Y-shaped stand used to support a blowpipe or punty while reheating in the glory hole.
- (nautical) A fitting placed across the head of the rudder with a line attached at each end by which a boat may be steered; in modern use it is primarily found in sailing canoes and kayaks. [from 18th c.]
- (chiefly US) A frame or convex crosspiece from which a bell is hung.
- (historical)
- A collar placed on the neck of a conquered person or prisoner to restrain movement.
- (agriculture) A frame placed on the neck of an animal such as a cow, pig, or goose to prevent passage through a fence or other barrier. [from 16th c.]
- 1580, Thomas Tusser, “A Digression to Husbandlie Furniture”, in Fiue Hundred Pointes of Good Husbandrie: […], London: […] Henrie Denham [beeing the assigne of William Seres] […], OCLC 837741850; republished as W[illiam] Payne and Sidney J[ohn Hervon] Herrtage, editors, Five Hundred Pointes of Good Husbandrie. […], London: Published for the English Dialect Society by Trübner & Co., […], 1878, OCLC 7391867535, stanza 17, page 38:
- 1770, Peter Kalm [i.e., Pehr Kalm], John Reinhold Forster, transl., Travels into North America; […], volume I, Warrington, Cheshire: […] William Eyres, OCLC 1179516875, pages 164–165:
- (Ancient Rome) Chiefly in pass under the yoke: a raised yoke (sense 1.1), or a symbolic yoke formed from two spears installed upright in the ground with another spear connecting their tops, under which a defeated army was made to march as a sign of subjugation.
- 1659, T[itus] Livius [i.e., Livy], “[Book III]”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Romane Historie […], London: […] W. Hunt, for George Sawbridge, […], OCLC 12997447, page 89:
- [H]is will and pleaſure was they ſhould paſſe all under the yoke or gallows: the maner wherof is this. They took three ſpears or javelins, and ſet two of them pitched in the ground endlong, and their overthwart faſtned unto the other. Under this kind of gallows the Dictator compelled the Æquians to go.
- 1769, [Oliver] Goldsmith, “From the Creation of the Tribunes to the Appointment of the Decemviri”, in The Roman History, from the Foundation of the City of Rome, to the Destruction of the Western Empire. […], volume I, London: […] S. Baker and G. Leigh, […]; T[homas] Davies, […]; and L. Davis, […], OCLC 756495447, page 127:
- [T]he Æqui being attacked on both ſides and unable to reſiſt or fly, begged a ceſſation of arms. They offered the dictator his own terms; he gave them their lives, but obliged them, in token of ſervitude, to paſs under the yoke, which was two ſpears ſet upright, and another acroſs, in the form of a door, beneath which the vanquiſhed were to march.
- A bar or frame by which two oxen or other draught animals are joined at their necks enabling them to pull a cart, plough, etc.; (by extension) a device attached to a single draught animal for the same purpose.
- Senses relating to a pair of harnessed draught animals.
- (chiefly historical) A pair of draught animals, especially oxen, yoked together to pull something.
- (archaic) A pair of things linked in some way.
- (Ireland, Scotland) A carriage, a horse and cart; (by extension, generally) a car or other vehicle. [from 19th c.]
- (Ireland, informal) A miscellaneous object; a gadget. [from 20th c.]
- (Ireland, informal) A chap, a fellow.
- (Ireland, slang) A pill of a psychoactive drug.
- (chiefly historical) A pair of draught animals, especially oxen, yoked together to pull something.
- Senses relating to quantities, and other extended uses.
- (chiefly Kent, archaic) An area of arable land, specifically one consisting of a quarter of a suling, or around 50–60 acres (20–24 hectares); hence, a small manor or piece of land.
- (chiefly England, regional (especially Kent), and Scotland, historical) An amount of work done with draught animals, lasting about half a day; (by extension) an amount or shift of any work. [from 18th c.]
- (figuratively)
- From sense 1.1: a bond of love, especially marriage; also, a bond of friendship or partnership; an obligation or task borne by two or more people.
- c. 1596–1598 (date written), W[illiam] Shakespeare, The Excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. […] (First Quarto), [London]: […] J[ames] Roberts [for Thomas Heyes], published 1600, OCLC 24594216, [Act III, scene i]:
- 1885 September, H[enry] Rider Haggard, “Umbopa Enters Our Service”, in King Solomon’s Mines, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, […], published 1887, OCLC 1000358436, page 38:
- From sense 1.3.1: something which oppresses or restrains a person; a burden.
- 1660 February, John Milton, The Ready and Easy Way to Establish a Free Commonwealth, and the Excellence thereof, Compar’d with the Inconveniencies and Dangers of Readmitting Kingship in this Nation; republished in A Complete Collection of the Historical, Political, and Miscellaneous Works of John Milton, […], volume II, Amsterdam [actually London: s.n.], 1698, OCLC 926209975, page 792:
- For Kings to com, never forgetting thir former Ejection, will be ſure to fortify and arm themſelves ſufficiently for the future againſt all ſuch Attempts hereafter from the People: who ſhall be then ſo narrowly watch'd and kept ſo low, that […] they never ſhall be able to regain what they now have purchas'd and may enjoy, or to free themſelves from any Yoke impos'd upon them: […]
- 1757 (date written), [Edmund Burke], “Introduction. On Taste.”, in A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful, 2nd edition, London: […] R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley, […], published 1759, OCLC 1102744348, part, pages 34–35:
- [I]t frequently happens that a very poor judge, merely by force of a greater complexional ſenſibility, is more affected by a very poor piece, than the beſt judge by the moſt perfect; […] the judgment is for the greater part employed in throwing ſtumbling blocks in the way of the imagination, in diſſipating the ſcenes of its enchantment, and in tying us down to the diſagreeable yoke of our reaſon: […]
- 1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter I, in The History of England from the Accession of James II, volume I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, OCLC 1069526323, page 42:
- From sense 1.1: a bond of love, especially marriage; also, a bond of friendship or partnership; an obligation or task borne by two or more people.
派生語
- milkmaid's yoke
- Mongol Yoke
- pass under the yoke
- under the yoke
- yoke lute
語源 2
From Middle English yoken, yoke, ȝoken (“to put a harness or yoke on a draught animal or pair of such animals, to yoke; to attach (an animal to a cart, plough, etc.) with a yoke; to lock (arms) in wrestling; to bind (oneself または someone) to something”) [and other forms],[3] from 古期英語 ġeocian, iucian, from 古期英語 ġeoc (“yoke”) (see etymology 1) + -ian (suffix forming verbs from adjectives かつ nouns).[4]
動詞
yoke (三人称単数 現在形 yokes, 現在分詞 yoking, 過去形および過去分詞形 yoked)
- (transitive)
- To join (several draught animals) together with a yoke; also, to fasten a yoke (on one または more draught animals) to pull a cart, plough, etc.; or to attach (a cart, plough, etc.) to a draught animal.
- 1585, Adrianus Iunius [i.e., Hadrianus Junius], “Bubulcus”, in Iohn Higins [i.e., John Higgins], transl., The Nomenclator, or Remembrancer of Adrianus Iunius Physician, […], Conteining Proper Names and Apt Termes for All Thinges vnder Their Conuenient Titles, […], London: […] Ralph Newberie, and Henrie Denham, OCLC 84768489, pages 513–514:
- 1860, J[ohn] Muir, “The Languages of Northern India: Their History and Relations”, in Original Sanskrit Texts on the Origin and History of the People of India, Their Religion and Institutions. […], 2nd part (The Trans-Himalayan Origin of the Hindus, かつ Their Affinity with the Western Branches of the Arian Race), London; Edinburgh: Williams and Norgate, […], OCLC 769856545, section X (Various Stages of Sanskrit Literature, […]), page 208:
- 1918, Rudyard Kipling, “The Fumes of the Heart”, in The Eyes of Asia, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, OCLC 561613113, pages 37–38:
- The men go to the war daily. It is the women who do all the work at home, having been well taught in their childhood. We have only yoked one buffalo to the plough up till now. It is now time to yoke up the milch-buffaloes.
- 1945 August 17, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter VI, in Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, OCLC 3655473; republished as Animal Farm (eBook no. 0100011h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, March 2008:
- To put (one's arm または arms) around someone's neck, waist, etc.; also, to surround (someone's neck, waist, etc.) with one's arms.
- To put (something) around someone's neck like a yoke; also, to surround (someone's neck) with something.
- (historical)
- (figuratively)
- To bring (two または more people または things) into a close relationship (often one that is undesired); to connect, to link, to unite.
- 1647, John Lightfoote [i.e., John Lightfoot], “Sect. XIV. St. Iohn Chap. III.”, in The Harmony of the Four Evangelists, among Themselves, and vvith the Old Testament. […], 3rd part (From the First Passeover after Our Saviours Baptisme to the Second), London: […] R[ichard] C[otes] for Andrew Crook […], published 1650, OCLC 1191004128, page 12:
- 2004, Patricia Bate; Esther Thelen, “Development of Turning and Reaching”, in Mark L. Latash and Mindy F. Levin, editors, Progress in Motor Control: Volume Three: Effects of Age, Disorder, and Rehabilitation, Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics, →ISBN, part I (Sensorimotor Integration), page 61:
- The level of support and relation to gravity also influence whether infants used one or two hands to reach. […] They [researchers] showed that across all postures, nonsitting infants more frequently yoked their arms into a bilateral reach pattern than the independent sitters.
- (obsolete) To bring into or keep (someone) in bondage or a state of submission; to enslave; to confine, to restrain; to oppress, to subjugate.
- 1586, Peter de la Primaudaye [i.e., Pierre de La Primaudaye], “Of Vice”, in T[homas] B[owes], transl., The French Academie, wherin is Discoursed the Institution of Maners, […], London: […] Edmund Bollifant for G. Bishop and Ralph Newbery, OCLC 228714193, pages 70–71:
- It is moſt certaine, that vice putteth on a viſard, and goeth diſguiſed and couered with goodly ſhewes that belong onely to vertue, […] And being thus clothed, with the helpe of corruptible pleaſures that lightly paſſe away, it yoketh baſe minded men, whoſe care is onely ſet vpon the deſire of earthly things, […]
- 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene iii], page 103, column 1:
- Theſe are his ſubſtance, ſinewes, armes, and ſtrength, / With which he yoaketh your rebellious Neckes, / Razeth your Cities, and ſubuerts your Townes, / And in a moment makes them deſolate.
- 1662, [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge: University Press, 1905, OCLC 963614346, canto II, page 56:
- 1670, John Milton, “The Second Book”, in The History of Britain, that Part Especially now Call’d England. […], London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for James Allestry, […] , OCLC 946735472, page 62:
- To bring (two または more people または things) into a close relationship (often one that is undesired); to connect, to link, to unite.
- (chiefly Scotland, archaic, passive) To be joined to (another person) in wedlock (often with the implication that it is a burdensome state); to be or become married to (someone).
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, 2 Corinthians 6:14, column 1:
- To join (several draught animals) together with a yoke; also, to fasten a yoke (on one または more draught animals) to pull a cart, plough, etc.; or to attach (a cart, plough, etc.) to a draught animal.
- (intransitive)
Conjugation
infinitive | (to) yoke | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | yoke | yoked | |
2nd-person singular | |||
3rd-person singular | yokes | ||
plural | yoke | ||
subjunctive | yoke | yoked | |
imperative | yoke | — | |
participles | yoking | yoked |
派生語
- underyoke
- yoker
- yoke together
Notes
参照
- ^ “yōke, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Compare “yoke, n.”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, September 2021; “yoke1, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- ^ “yōken, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ Compare “yoke, v.1”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2020; “yoke1, v.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
Further reading
Weblio例文辞書での「yoke」に類似した例文 |
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「yoke」を含む例文一覧
該当件数 : 6102件
DEFLECTING YOKE例文帳に追加
偏向ヨーク - 特許庁
DEFLECTION YOKE例文帳に追加
偏向ヨ—ク - 特許庁
SUSPENSION YOKE例文帳に追加
懸垂ヨーク - 特許庁
MAGNETIZING YOKE例文帳に追加
着磁ヨーク - 特許庁
DEFLECTION YOKE例文帳に追加
偏向ヨーク - 特許庁
DEFLECTION YOKE CORE AND DEFLECTION YOKE例文帳に追加
偏向ヨ—クコア及び偏向ヨ—ク - 特許庁
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