cherlとは意味・読み方・使い方

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/08/27 21:24 UTC 版)

別の表記

cheerl, cherel, cheril, cherld, cherle, cherol, chirl; cherril (Early Middle English)
charle (East Anglia); chorll (Ireland); cheorl, chorl, chorle, churl, churle (especially Northern or West Midland); churll (Early Scots)
churlle (Catholicon Anglicum); cherelle (Promptorium Parvulorum)

語源

Inherited from 古期英語 ċeorl, from Proto-West Germanic *karil, from Proto-Germanic *karilaz; thus a doublet of carl.

The variant /t͡ʃoːrl/ (and subsequent /t͡ʃurl/ with shortening) reflects a shift of stress to the second element of 古期英語 /e͜oː/ (from earlier /e͜o/ with lengthening after /rl/; the unlengthened form yields /t͡ʃɔrl/) after /t͡ʃ/; compare chesen.

発音

IPA: /t͡ʃeːrl/, /t͡ʃɛːrl/, /t͡ʃɛrl/
IPA: /t͡ʃøːrl/, /t͡ʃœrl/ (especially Southern or Southwest Midland)
IPA: /t͡ʃoːrl/, /t͡ʃɔrl/, /t͡ʃurl/ (especially Northern or Northwest Midland)

名詞

cherl (plural cherles)

Someone not belonging to the nobility or clergy; a commoner:
- c. 1390, [William Langland], “Incıpıt paſſus primus de dobeſt”, in Peeres plouheman (P, C-text), Monmouthshire: Thom[as] Dankaſtre, published c. 1400, folio 79, verso; republished as MS. HM 137, San Marino, CA: Huntingdon Digital Library, p. 2011:
  
  The Iuwes þat weren gentel men ıheſu þeı dıſpıſeden / Boþe hus loꝛe and hus lawe. now aren þeı lowe cheoꝛles
  
  The Jews who were nobles despised Jesus, / both [for] his teachings and his doctrines; now they're base commoners.
1. A serf or peasant; a feudal tenant farmer.
  - c. 1340 [c. 1175], Kẏng Alıſaundre (Lincoln's Inn MS. Hale 150), Shropshire, translation of Roman de toute chevalerie by Thomas de Kent (in Anglo-Norman), published c. 1400, folio 82, recto; republished as Alysaunder, London: The Honourable Society of Lincoln’s Inn Rare Books and Manuscripts Online, 4 April 2023:
    
    […] ﬀoꝛ he hadde in þat rocher / Yloꝛe mony a coun ſeı ler / Monẏ duẏk monẏ eoꝛl / Monẏ baroun knẏȝt sweẏn and cheoꝛl […]
    
    […] since he had at that cliff / lost many counsellors, / many dukes, many counts, / many barons, knights, attendants, and peasants […]
2. A servant or bondsman; one who serves a noble.
3. A freeman (as opposed to a slave)
A boor or simpleton; an ignorant or unrefined person.
A male person; a chap, fellow or guy.
(Early Middle English, rare) A husband; a male partner in marriage.

派生語

cherlisch
*Cherlton
- English: Chorlton

派生した語

English: churl
Middle Scots: churl, churle
- Scots: churl
Yola: chourle
→ Cornish: chorl

参照

^ “chē̆rl, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
^ “churl, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
^ Dobson, E[ric] J. (1957), English pronunciation 1500-1700‎, second edition, volume II: Phonology, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1968, →OCLC, § 18, page 491.
^ Jordan, Richard (1974), Eugene Crook, transl., Handbook of the Middle English Grammar: Phonology (Janua Linguarum. Series Practica; 218)‎, The Hague: Mouton & Co. N.V., →DOI, § 84, page 111.

[1] “chē̆rl, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

[2] “churl, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

[3] Dobson, E[ric] J. (1957), English pronunciation 1500-1700‎, second edition, volume II: Phonology, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1968, →OCLC, § 18, page 491.

[4] Jordan, Richard (1974), Eugene Crook, transl., Handbook of the Middle English Grammar: Phonology (Janua Linguarum. Series Practica; 218)‎, The Hague: Mouton & Co. N.V., →DOI, § 84, page 111.

cherlとは意味・読み方・使い方

Wiktionary英語版での「cherl」の意味

cherl

別の表記

語源

発音

名詞

派生語

派生した語

参照

「cherl」のお隣キーワード

cherlとは 意味・読み方・使い方

Wiktionary英語版での「cherl」の意味

cherl

別の表記

語源

発音

名詞

派生語

派生した語

参照

「cherl」のお隣キーワード

cherlとは意味・読み方・使い方