cherlとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Inherited from 古期英語 ċeorl, from Proto-West Germanic *karil, from Proto-Germanic *karilaz; thus a doublet of carl.

The variant /t͡ʃoːrl/ (and subsequent /t͡ʃurl/ with shortening) reflects a shift of stress to the second element of 古期英語 /e͜oː/ (from earlier /e͜o/ with lengthening after /rl/; the unlengthened form yields /t͡ʃɔrl/) after /t͡ʃ/; compare chesen.

発音

• IPA: /t͡ʃeːrl/, /t͡ʃɛːrl/, /t͡ʃɛrl/
• IPA: /t͡ʃøːrl/, /t͡ʃœrl/ (especially Southern or Southwest Midland)
• IPA: /t͡ʃoːrl/, /t͡ʃɔrl/, /t͡ʃurl/ (especially Northern or Northwest Midland)

名詞

cherl (plural cherles)

1. Someone not belonging to the nobility or clergy:
   1. A serf or peasant; a feudal tenant farmer.
      • c. 1340 [c. 1175], Kẏng Alıſaundre (Lincoln's Inn MS. Hale 150), Shropshire, translation of Roman de toute chevalerie by Thomas de Kent (in Anglo-Norman), published c. 1400, folio 82, recto; republished as Alysaunder, London: The Honourable Society of Lincoln’s Inn Rare Books and Manuscripts Online, 4 April 2023:

        […] ffoꝛ he hadde in pat rocher / Yloꝛe mony a counſeıler / Monẏ duẏk monẏ eoꝛl / Monẏ baroun knẏȝt sweẏn and cheoꝛl […]

        […] since he had at that cliff / lost many counsellors, / many dukes, many counts, / many barons, knights, attendants, and peasants […]

   2. A servant or bondsman; one who serves a noble.
   3. A freeman (as opposed to a slave)
2. A boor or simpleton; an ignorant or unrefined person.
3. A male person; a chap, fellow or guy.
4. (Early Middle English, rare) A husband; a male partner in marriage.

派生語

• *cheorlton
  • English: Chorlton

派生した語

• English: churl
• Middle Scots: churl, churle
  • Scots: churl
• Yola: chourle
• → Cornish: chorl

参照