cicadaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• cicad

語源

Borrowed from Latin cicada, ultimately onomatopoeic. Doublet of cicala.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /sɪˈkeɪ.də/, /sɪˈkɑː.də/, [sɪˈkʰeɪ̯.də], [sɪˈkʰɑː.də]
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /sɪˈkeɪ.də/, /sɪˈkɑ.də/, [sɪ̈ˈkʰeɪ̯.ɾə], [sɪ̈ˈkʰɑ.ɾə]
• 韻: -eɪdə, -ɑːdə

名詞

cicada (複数形 cicadas または cicadae)

1. Any of several insects in the superfamily Cicadoidea, with small eyes wide apart on the head and transparent well-veined wings.
   • 2012 March-April, Anna Lena Phillips, “Sneaky Silk Moths”, in American Scientist‎^[1], volume 100, number 2, page 172:

     Last spring, the periodical cicadas emerged across eastern North America. Their vast numbers and short above-ground life spans inspired awe and irritation in humans—and made for good meals for birds and small mammals.

   1. The periodical cicada.
      • 2011, Robert Evans Snodgrass, Insects: Their Ways and Means of Living‎^[2], page 217:

        The emergence years of the principal cicada broods have now been recorded for a long time, and the oldest record of a swarm is that of the appearance of the “locusts” in New England two hundred and ninety-five years ago.

      • 2013 May 16, Laura Kroon, “Magicidada coming to New Jersey on May 27”, in Hunterdon County Democrat:

        Last year, the Brood I cicadas were found in Virginia, West Virginia, and Tennessee. The cicadas that will emerge in New Jersey this year are part of Brood II or The East Coast Brood. They will also be found in Connecticut, Maryland, North Carolina, New York, Pennsylvania, and Virginia.

同意語

• cicala
• (Appalachia) jarfly

下位語

• (periodical cicada): seventeen-year locust, decim periodical cicada

派生語

参考

• cricket
• grasshopper
• locust

Latin

語源

Unknown. Probably a loan-word from a lost Mediterranean substrate language, ultimately onomatopoeic. Compare also Sanskrit चिश्चिर (ciścira, “cicada”).

(Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

発音

• cicāda: (Classical) IPA^(key): /kiˈkaː.da/, [kɪˈkäːd̪ä]
• cicāda: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃiˈka.da/, [t͡ʃiˈkäːd̪ä]

名詞

cicāda f (genitive cicādae); first declension

1. cicada, tree-cricket

語形変化

First-declension noun.

派生した語

• → English: cicada
• → Galician: cicada
• → Macedonian: цикада (cikada)
• → Polish: cykada
• → Romanian: cicadă
• → Russian: цика́да f (cikáda)
• → German: Zikade

Reflexes of the late variant cicāla:

• Balkan Romance:
  • ⇒ Romanian: cicoare
  • → Albanian: qingallë ⇒ gjinkallë
• Italo-Romance:
  • Corsican: cicala
  • Italian: cicala
    • → English: cicala
  • Sicilian: cicala
• North Italian:
  • Friulian: ciale
  • Piedmontese: siala
  • Romagnol: zghêla
  • Venetian: çigala, sigala, sigała
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: cigala
  • Old Occitan: cigala
    • Occitan: cigala
    • → French: cigale
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: zicala
  • Mozarabic: [script needed] (čiqâla)
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: chicula

Reflexes of an assumed variant *cicār(r)a:

• Mozarabic: [Term?]
  • → Galician: chicharra
  • → Portuguese: chicharra
  • → Spanish: chicharra
• Portuguese: cigarra
• Spanish: cigarra

参照

• Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1984), “cigarra”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volume II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 72

Further reading

• “cicada”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “cicada”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• cicada in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• cicada in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• “cicada”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers