muteとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English muet, from Anglo-Norman muet, moet, Middle French muet, from mu (“dumb, mute”) + -et, remodelled after Latin mūtus.

形容詞

mute (comparative muter, superlative mutest)

1. Not having the power of speech; dumb. [from 15th c.]
   • 1717, John Dryden [et al.], “(please specify |book=I to XV)”, in Ovid’s Metamorphoses in Fifteen Books. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     Thus, while the mute creation downward bend / Their sight, and to their earthly mother tend, / Man looks aloft; and with erected eyes / Beholds his own hereditary skies. / From such rude principles our form began; / And earth was metamorphos'd into Man.

2. Silent; not making a sound. [from 15th c.]
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book III”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     All the heavenly choir stood mute, / And silence was in heaven.

   • 1956, Ernst Kaiser and Eithne Wilkins (?, translators), Lion Feuchtwanger (German author), Raquel: The Jewess of Toledo (translation of Die Jüdin von Toledo),^[1] Messner, page 178:

     “ […] The heathens have broken into Thy Temple, and Thou art silent! Esau mocks Thy Children, and Thou remainest mute! Show thyself, arise, and let Thy Voice resound, Thou mutest among all the mute!”

3. Not uttered; unpronounced; silent; also, produced by complete closure of the mouth organs which interrupt the passage of breath; said of certain letters.
4. Not giving a ringing sound when struck; said of a metal.

派生語

名詞

mute (複数形 mutes)

1. (phonetics, now obsolete) A stopped consonant; a stop. [from 16th c.]

   Synonyms: occlusive, plosive, stop

2. (obsolete, theater) An actor who does not speak; a mime performer. [16th–19th c.]
   • 1668 OF Dramatick Poesie, AN ESSAY. By JOHN DRYDEN Esq; (John Dryden)

     As for the poor honest Maid, whom all the Story is built upon, and who ought to be one of the principal Actors in the Play, she is commonly a Mute in it:

3. A person who does not have the power of speech. [from 17th c.]
   • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

     The girl left, and presently returned, followed by two male mutes, to whom the Queen made another sign.

4. A hired mourner at a funeral; an undertaker's assistant. [from 18th c.]
   • 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter IX, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume II, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1850, →OCLC, page 95:

     He asked about the undertaking business, and how many mutes went down with Lady Estrich’s remains […]

   • 1950, Mervyn Peake, Gormenghast, London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, →OCLC:

     The little box was eventually carried in one hand by the leading mute, while his colleague, with a finger placed on the lid, to prevent it from swaying, walked to one side and a little to the rear.

   • 1978, Lawrence Durrell, Livia (Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber, published 1992, page 481:

     Then followed a long silence during which the mute turned to them and said, ‘Of course you'll be wanting an urn, sir?’

5. (music) An object for dulling the sound of an instrument, especially a brass instrument, or damper for pianoforte; a sordine. [from 18th c.]
6. An electronic switch or control that mutes the sound.
   • 2012, Tomlinson Holman, Sound for Film and Television, page 174:

     Another related primary control is called a mute, which is simply a switch that kills the signal altogether, allowing for a speedier turn-off than turning the fader all the way down rapidly. Mutes are probably more commonly used during multitrack music recording than during film mixing because in music all tracks are on practically all of the time, whereas workstations produce silence when there is no desired signal […]

7. A mute swan.
   • 1998, Bob Devine, National Geographic Society (U.S.), Alien invasion: America's battle with non-native animals and plants:

     The trumpeters' fate seems likely to get tangled with that of the mute swan. Currently there's enough habitat for both species, but that may change if trumpeters flourish and mutes aren't controlled. Right now mutes are thriving.

派生語

動詞

mute (三人称単数 現在形 mutes, 現在分詞 muting, 過去形および過去分詞形 muted)

1. (transitive) To silence, to make quiet.
2. (transitive) To turn off the sound of.

   Antonym: unmute

   Please mute the music while I make a call.

派生語

• muter

参考

• dumb

語源 2

From Middle French muetir, probably a shortened form of esmeutir, ultimately from Proto-Germanic.

動詞

mute (三人称単数 現在形 mutes, 現在分詞 muting, 過去形および過去分詞形 muted)

1. (now rare) Of a bird: to defecate. [from 15th c.]
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Tobit 2:10:

     And I knewe not that there were Sparrowes in the wall, and mine eyes being open, the Sparrowes muted warme doung into mine eyes,...

   • 1946, George Orwell, Animal Farm, Signet Classics, pages 40–41:

     All the pigeons, to the number of thirty-five, flew to and fro over the men's heads and muted upon them from mid-air; […]

名詞

mute (複数形 mutes)

1. The faeces of a hawk or falcon.
   • 1662, [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge: University Press, 1905, →OCLC:

     On which was written not in words,
     But hieroglyphic mute of birds

   • 1958, T[erence] H[anbury] White, chapter III, in The Once and Future King, New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam's Sons, →ISBN, book I (The Sword in the Stone):

     The Wart was familiar with the nests of Spar-hawk and Gos, the crazy conglomerations of sticks and oddments which had been taken over from squirrels or crows, and he knew how the twigs and the tree foot were splashed with white mutes, old bones, muddy feathers and castings.

語源 3

From Latin mutare (“to change”).

動詞

mute (三人称単数 現在形 mutes, 現在分詞 muting, 過去形および過去分詞形 muted)

1. (transitive) To cast off; to moult.
   • 1633 May 21 (licensing date), John Fletcher, James Shirley, “The Night-Walker, or The Little Thief. A Comedy.”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1679, →OCLC, Act IV, scene iv:

     Have I muted all my feathers?

Latin

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈmuː.te/, [ˈmuːt̪ɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈmu.te/, [ˈmuːt̪e]

形容詞

mūte

1. vocative masculine singular of mūtus