eald-とは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Proto-West Germanic *ald, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz (“old, grown-up”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eltós (“grown”), past participle of *h₂el- (“to grow, nourish”) and root also of Latin altus (“high, tall”).

発音

• IPA: /æ͜ɑld/, [æ͜ɑɫd]
• 韻: -æ͜ɑld

形容詞

eald (comparative ieldra, superlative ieldest)

1. old

   Hū eald eart þū?

   How old are you?

   • The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn

     Ic þē secge, hēo wæs iii and sixtiġ ġēara eald, ðā hēo belȳfen wæs

     I tell thee: she was sixty-three years old when she died

   • The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

     An. DCCCCLXIIII Hēr drǣfde Ēadgār cyng þā preostas on Ċeastre of ealdan mynstre, ⁊ nīwan mynstre, ⁊ of Ċeortesiġe, ⁊ of Middeltūne, ⁊ sette hȳ mid munecan, ⁊ hē sette Æðelgār abbod tō nīwan mynstre tō abbode, Ordbriht to Ċeortesiġe, ⁊ Cyneweard to Middeltūne.

     Year 964 In this year King Edgar drove the priests in Chester out of the old monastery, and (out of) the new one, and of Chertsey and Middleton. He replaced them with monks and appointed Abbot Athelgar to the new monastery, Ordbright to Chertsey, and Kinward to Middleton.

2. ancient

   on ealdum dagum

   in ancient times (literally “in olden days”)

   • c. 992, Ælfric, "The Octaves and Circumcision of Our Lord"

     Þā ealdan Rōmāne, on hǣðenum dagum, ongunnon þæs ġēares ymbryne on þissum dæġe.

     The Ancient Romans, in the heathen days, would have begun the year's course on this day.

3. (in compounds) original

   Ealdseaxan ― the continental Saxons (literally “Old/Original Saxons”, contrasted with the Saxons who migrated to Great Britain)

4. (kinship) grand-

   eald fæder ― grandfather (literally, “old father”)

   eald modor ― grandmother

語形変化

派生語

• ealda
• ealdnes
• efneald
• ieldu

派生した語

• Middle English: old, eeld, eelde, eld, elde, holde, oold, olde, wolde, ald, awlde, eild (Northern), eald, yalde, yealde (Kent), yolde, yhold, yolle (Southwestern)
  • English: old (dialectal ole, ould, wold)

    Geordie: aad

  • Scots: aald, auld
  • Yola: yole, yold, yola, yoella, yolaw