英和和英

語源

Learned borrowing from Latin aspīrātus.

発音

• noun and adjective
  • (英国発音, 米国発音) IPA: /ˈæs.pəɹ.ət/, /ˈæs.pɪ.ɹət/, /ˈæs.pə.ɹɪt/
• verb
  • (英国発音) IPA: /ˈæs.pəɹ.eɪt/, /ˈæs.pɪ.ɹeɪt/
  • (米国発音) IPA: /ˈæs.pə.ɹeɪt/, /ˈæs.pɪ.ɹeɪt/
• • 韻: -æspəɹeɪt

名詞

aspirate (plural aspirates)

1. (linguistics) The puff of air accompanying the release of a plosive or fricative consonant.
2. (linguistics) A sound produced by such a puff of air.
   • 1972, Leonard R. Palmer, Descriptive and Comparative Linguistics, page 50:

     We now come to the so-called aspirate [h], which must be also classified as a fricative consonant.

3. A mark of aspiration (ʽ) used in Greek; the asper, or rough breathing.
   • a. 1742, Richard Bentley, letter to Dr. Mead

     But we must correct then twenty authors who have it in the compound ἀπηθεῖν and ἀπήθημα ; and not (as the aspirate would require it) ἀφηθεῖν and αφήθημα

4. A sample of fluid, tissue, or other substance that is withdrawn via aspiration (usually through a hollow needle) from a body cavity, cyst, or tumor.

動詞

aspirate (third-person singular simple present aspirates, present participle aspirating, simple past and past participle aspirated)

1. (transitive) To remove a liquid or gas by means of suction.
   • 2003, Miep H. Helfrich et al., editors, Bone Research Protocols, page 430:

     Scrape cells using a cell scraper and aspirate the resulting slurry into a 2.0-mL Eppendorf tube.

2. (transitive) To inhale so as to draw something other than air into one's lungs.
3. (transitive, intransitive, linguistics) To produce an audible puff of breath, especially following a consonant, such as the letter "h" at the beginning of house or hat in standard English.
   • 1887, James Frederick Hodgetts, Greater England, page 33:

     There is no doubt that the uncertainty about the letter H, which much defaces English in some classes of the community, is due entirely to Norman influence, for Frenchmen could not aspirate. Three words—hour, honor, heir, with compounds of them such as hourly, honourable, heirship, and the like, are quite enough to puzzle people who find H sometimes sounded, sometimes not.

同意語

• (inhale): breathe in, inhale, inspire

派生語

形容詞

aspirate (comparative more aspirate, superlative most aspirate)

1. Synonym of aspirated.
   • 1926, Suniti Kumar Chatterji, The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language, volume 1, Calcutta University Press, page 261:

     […] and there was in Late Middle Bengali a tendency to drop aspiration of non-initial aspirate stops.

関連する語

• aspire
• aspiration
• aspirational
• aspirator
• nonaspirate
• unaspirate

参考

• asperate

アナグラム

• parasite, pastiera, septaria