英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 retarden, from Anglo-Norman or Latin, from Anglo-Norman retarder, from Latin retardāre (“to retard”, from re- +‎ tardus (“slow”)).

発音

• (Noun (delay sense), Verb)
  • (non-rhotic)
    • (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɹɪˈtɑːd/, [ɹʷɪˈtʰɑːd]
  • (rhotic)
    • (General American) IPA: /ɹɪˈtɑɹd/, [ɹʷɪˈtʰɑɹd]
• (Noun (medical term))
  • (non-rhotic)
    • (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɹiːtɑːd/, [ˈɹʷɪi̯tɑːd]
  • (rhotic)
    • (General American) IPA: /ˈɹiːtɑɹd/, [ˈɹʷɪi̯tʰɑɹd]
• 韻: -ɑː(ɹ)d
• ハイフネーション: re‧tard

名詞

retard (plural retards)

1. A retardation; a delay.

   Synonyms: delay, hold-up, retardation

2. (music) A slowing down of the tempo; a ritardando.
3. (offensive, dated) A person with mental retardation.

   Synonyms: tard (offensive), imbecile (disused medical term), idiot (disused medical term), (legal term) moron (disused medical term)

   The retard in our class needs special help.

4. (informal, offensive) A person or being who is extremely stupid or slow to learn.

   Synonyms: imbecile, moron, idiot; see also Thesaurus:fool, Thesaurus:idiot

   • 2007, Doug Green, No Wife No Kids No Plan, →ISBN:

     “That's 'cause your dog is a retard,” the large woman retorted. The pit bull must have sensed the insult because it got up on all fours and started barking at the woman. Not one to back down from an interspecies fight, the prison lady stood up […]

   • 2013, Norm Macdonald Live, season 1, episode 6, spoken by Norm Macdonald:

     College freshman Scott Damerow set a new world record by using his head to bust 142 eggs and he now officially holds a place in the Guinness Book of Fucking Retards.

使用する際の注意点

• Through the euphemism treadmill, the term retard (which originated as a then-neutral substitute for the terms that had previously designated those with disabilities, namely idiot, imbecile, and moron) has come to be offensive; see Wikipedia for more. In a survey by the BBC in 2003, retard was voted the most offensive word relating to disability, followed by spastic.

派生語

動詞

retard (third-person singular simple present retards, present participle retarding, simple past and past participle retarded)

1. (transitive) To keep delaying; to continue to hinder; to prevent from progressing.

   Synonyms: impede, hinder, hold up

   retard the march of an army

   retard the motion of a ship

2. (transitive) To put off; to postpone.

   to retard the attacks of old age

   to retard a rupture between nations

3. (transitive, obsolete) To be slow or dilatory to perform (something).
4. (intransitive) To decelerate; to slow down.
   • 2019, Airbus A350 - Landing (Retard) (YouTube)‎, cockpit voice (actor):

     70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, retard, retard...

   • 2021 June 2, Michael Rhodes, “Tinsley reborn...”, in RAIL, number 932, pages 35–36:

     This application of hydraulics led Sir George Dowty to develop the wagon retarder system, which comprised small hydraulic rams mounted inside the rail. These rams could simply retard a wagon, or both retard and 'boost' or speed up a wagon by hydraulic pressure.

5. (intransitive, obsolete) To stay back.
   • 1650, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC:

     Some years it [The River Nile] hath also retarded, and come far later than usually it was expected

同意語

• (keep delaying; continue to hinder): decelerate, hinder, slow, slow down; See also Thesaurus:hinder
• (postpone): postpone, put off; See also Thesaurus:procrastinate
• (decelerate): decelerate, slow, slow down, slow up
• (stay back): hang back, stay back; See also Thesaurus:tarry

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “keep delaying; continue to hinder”): accelerate, speed, speed up
• (antonym(s) of “postpone”):
• (antonym(s) of “stay back”): come forward

派生語

• growth-retarding
• retarded

参照

• IQ Basics, including formerly used medical terms for people with very low IQs

アナグラム

• retrad, trader, R-rated, Trader, rarted, dartre, darter, tarred, Darter