英和和英

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɹʌbə/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈɹʌbɚ/
• (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /ˈɹɐbə/
• (Northern England) IPA: /ˈɹʊbə/
• (Ireland) IPA: /ˈɹʊbəɹ/
• (Scotland, Northern Ireland) IPA: /ˈɹʌbəɹ/
• (Indic) IPA: /ˈrəbbə(r)/
• 韻: -ʌbə(ɹ)

語源 1

From rub +‎ -er.

The sense of the substance comes from its ability to function as an eraser, displacing earlier caoutchouc. The senses not pertaining to rubbing or erasing are secondarily derived from the name of the substance.

名詞

rubber (usually uncountable, plural rubbers)

1. (uncountable, countable) Pliable material derived from the sap of the rubber tree; a hydrocarbon biopolymer of isoprene.

   Synonym: natural rubber

2. (uncountable, countable) Natural rubber or any of various synthetic materials with similar properties as natural rubber.

   Hyponyms: natural rubber; neoprene, polychloroprene; silicone rubber

3. (countable, Australia, India, Brunei, New Zealand, UK) An eraser.
   • 2006, Lisa Kervin, Research for Educators, page 148:

     For example, they may use paddle pop sticks, hand span, pencils, rubbers, mathematics equipment (i.e. base 10 material) or anything else the teacher can find to measure the lengths of nominated objects.

   • 2010, Anna Jacobs, Beyond the Sunset, unnumbered page:

     Drawing materials, he thought, I used to love drawing as a lad. I can afford some plain paper and pencils, surely? And a rubber, too. He smiled at the memory of an elderly uncle, also fond of drawing, who′d always called rubbers ‘lead eaters’.

   • 2011, Patrick Lindsay, The Spirit of the Digger, Revised edition, unnumbered page:

     Stan stole a diary and some pens, pencils, ink and rubbers during his early days as a POW working on the Singapore docks.

4. (countable, Canada, US, slang) A condom, especially an external condom.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:condom

   • 1979, “At Home He's A Tourist”, in Entertainment!, performed by Gang of Four:

     And the rubbers you hide / In your top left pocket

   • 2004, Tina Fey, Mean Girls (motion picture), spoken by Coach Carr (Dwayne Hill):

     Don't have sex, because you will get pregnant and die! Don't have sex in the missionary position, don't have sex standing up, just don't do it, OK, promise? OK, now everybody take some rubbers.

   • 2019, “Ricky”, performed by Denzel Curry:

     My daddy said "Treat young girls like your mother" / My momma said "Trust no hoe, use a rubber"

5. (countable) Someone or something which rubs.
   • 1949 July 11, LIFE, page 21:

     What perplexity plagues the chin-rubber in the foreground and what so discourages the man leaning on the lamp post? And to what doom is the large man at right moving? Photographer Cowherd has no answers.

   1. One who rubs down horses.
   2. One who practises massage.
      • 1601 (date written), Iohn Marston [i.e., John Marston], What You Will, London: […] G[eorge] Eld, for Thomas Thorppe, published 1607, →OCLC, (please specify the page):

        I curl his perriwig, paint his cheeks, perfume his breath; I am his froterer or rubber in a hot-house

   3. A coarse towel for rubbing the body.
   4. An abrasive for rubbing with: a whetstone, file, or emery cloth, etc.
6. (historical) The cushion of an electric machine.
7. (countable, baseball) The rectangular pad on the pitcher's mound from which the pitcher must pitch.

   Synonyms: pitcher's plate, pitcher's rubber

   Jones toes the rubber and then fires to the plate.

8. (Canada, US, in the plural) Water-resistant shoe covers, galoshes, overshoes.

   Johnny, don't forget your rubbers today.

   • 1919, Henry B[lake] Fuller, “Cope Goes A-Sailing”, in Bertram Cope’s Year: A Novel, Chicago, Ill.: Ralph Fletcher Seymour, The Alderbrink Press, →OCLC, page 154:

     He set aside his aunt’s counsel in regard to a better regimen, as well as her more specific hints, made in view of the near approach of rough weather, that he provide himself with rubbers and an umbrella, even if he would not hear of a rain-coat.

9. (uncountable, slang) Tires, particularly racing tires.

   Jones enters the pits to get new rubber.

10. (slang, dated) A hardship or misfortune.
    • 1814, The Weekly Register, volume 5, page 302:

      The British barges, off New-London, sometimes meet with the rubbers. In an attack upon an armed smack, some days ago, they were beaten off, with the reported loss of 8 men killed.

    • 1843, John Castillo, Awd Isaac: The Steeple Chase, and Other Poems, page 101:

      'Twas a bit gone December, / As I well remember, / I met with a rubber, and got some advice; […]

派生語

派生した語

• → Kashubian: roberk (Canada, United States)
• → Sikaiana: lapa

形容詞

rubber

1. (slang, of a draft/check) Not covered by funds on account.

使用する際の注意点

Colloquially, a check that has insufficient funds to cover it is said to "bounce"; consequently, a check that will immediately bounce is referred to as "rubber" or a "rubber check."

同意語

• (of a draft/check): hot, bad

  I wouldn't take a check from him. They're pure rubber.

語源 2

Unknown.

名詞

rubber (plural rubbers)

1. (sports) In relation to a series of games or matches between two competitors where the overall winner of the series is the competitor which wins a majority of the individual games or matches:
   1. The entire series, of an odd number of games or matches in which ties are impossible (especially a series of three games in bridge or whist).
      • 1828, Robert Huish, The Red Barn: A Tale, Founded on Fact‎, page 83:

        They played, and Creed and his young partner won the first rubber, winning the two first games running.

      • 1907 May 25, in The Publishers' Weekly, number 1843, page 1608 [2]:

        […] an old lady's innocent rubber.

   2. An individual match within the series (especially in racquet sports).
      • 2013 Cradley Heath Badminton League Rules as at 2013/2014

        Ladies matches shall consist of 6 rubbers. Each rubber shall consist of best of 3 games to 21 points.

      • 2015 February 7, “Canada trails Czech Republic 2-0 in Fed Cup tie after singles losses”, in The Globe and Mail, Toronto:

        Montreal’s Francoise Abanda lost the first rubber of the tie 6-2, 6-4 to Karolina Pliskova on Saturday

2. (sports, Canada, US) A rubber match; a game or match played to break a tie.
3. The game of rubber bridge.
   • 1891, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Red-Headed League:

     "Still, I confess that I miss my rubber. It is the first Saturday night for seven-and-twenty years that I have not had my rubber." "I think you will find that you will play for a higher stake to-night than you have ever done yet, and that the play will be more exciting."

派生語

• dead rubber
• rubber bridge
• rubber match

語源 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

動詞

rubber (third-person singular simple present rubbers, present participle rubbering, simple past and past participle rubbered)

1. (telephony) To eavesdrop on a telephone call
   • 1999, Los Angeles Times, "Party's Over for Rural Phone Customers in Green Mountain State," (Jan. 31, 1999):

     "There's a lot of nostalgia about the phone and how it was the way to get the local news," said Jane Beck of the Vermont Folklife Center in Middlebury. One way was "rubbering," or listening in on a neighbor's conversations ...

2. (slang) To rubberneck; to observe with unseemly curiosity.
   • 1951 July 16, J[erome] D[avid] Salinger, chapter 17, in The Catcher in the Rye, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC:

     Old Sally didn't talk much, except to rave about the Lunts, because she was busy rubbering and being charming.

参照

• “natural rubber”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.