英和和英

形容詞

cornūtā

1. ablative feminine singular of cornūtus

名詞

cornūta f (genitive cornūtae); first declension

1. armed gurnard
   • c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 32.145:

     144 Ut a belvis ordiamur, arbores, physeteres, ballaenae, pistrices, Tritones, Nereides, elephanti, homines qui marini vocantur, rotae, orcae, arietes, musculi et alii piscium forma arietes, delphini celebresque Homero vituli, luxuriae vero testudines et medicis fibri — quorum generis lutras nusquam mari accepimus mergi, tantum marina dicentes —,
     145 iam caniculae, drinones, cornutae, gladii, serrae, communesque terrae, mari, amni hippopotami, crocodili, et amni tantum ac mari thynni, thynnides, siluri, coracini, percae. Peculiares autem maris acipenser, aurata, asellus, acharne, aphye, alopex, anguilla, araneus, boca, batia, bacchus, batrachus, belonae, quos aculeatos vocamus,
     146 balanus, corvus, citharus, rhomborum generis pessimus, chalcis, cobio, callarias, asellorum generis, ni minor esset, coliae sive Parianus sive Sexitanus a patria Baetica, lacertorum minimi, ab iis nostrates, cybium — ita vocatur concisa pelamys, quae post XL dies a Ponto in Maeotim revertitur —, cordyla — et haec pelamys pusilla; cum in Pontum a Maeotide exit, hoc nomen habet —, cantharus, callionymus sive uranoscopos, cinaedi, soli piscium lutei, cnide, quam nos urticam vocamus,
     147 cancrorum genera, chemae striatae, chemae leves, chemae peloridum generis, varietate distantes et rotunditate, chemae glycymarides, quae sunt maiores quam pelorides, coluthia sive coryphia, concharum genera, inter quae et margaritiferae, cochloe, quorum generis pentadactyli, item helices (ab aliis actinophoroe dicuntur), quibus radii; . . . . cantant — extra haec sunt rotundae in oleario usu cocleae —,
     148 cucumis, cynops, cammarus, cynosdexia, draco — quidam aliud volunt esse dracunculum; est autem gerriculae amplae similis, aculeos in branchiis habet ad caudam spectantes; sic ut scorpio laedit, dum manu tollitur — erythinus, echenais, echinus, elephanti locustarum generis nigri, pedibus quaternis bisulcis — praeterea bracchia iis II binis articulis singulisque forcipibus denticulatis —, fabri sive zaei, glauciscus, flanis, gonger, gerres, galeos, garos,
     149 hippos, hippuros, hirundo, halipleumon, hippocampos, hepar, ictinus, iulis, lacertorum genera, lolligo volitans, locustae, lucerna, lelepris, lamirus, lepus, leones, quorum bracchia cancris similia sunt — reliqua pars locustae —, mullus, merula inter saxatiles laudata, mugil, melanurus, mena, maeotes, murena, mys, mitulus, myiscus, murix, oculata, ophidion, ostreae, oti, orcynus — hic est pelamydum generis maximus neque ipse redit in Maeotim, similis tritomi, vetustate melior —,
     150 orbis, orthagoriscus, phager, phycis saxatilium quaedam, pelamys — earum generis maxima apolectum vocatur, durius tritomo —, porcus, phthir, passer, pastinaca, polyporum genera, pectines — maximi et in his nigerrimi aestate laudatissimi, hi autem Mytilenis, Tyndaride, Salonis, Altini, Chia in insula, Alexandriae in Aegypto —, pectunculi, purpurae, pegrides, pina, pinoteres, rhine, quem squatum vomu,
     151 rhombus, scarus, principalis hodie, solea, sargus, squilla, sarda — ita vocatur pelamys longa ex oceano veniens —, scomber, salpa, sorus, scorpaena, scorpio, salax, sciaena, sciadeus, scolopendra, smyrus, sepia, strombus, solen sive aulos sive donax sive onyx sive dactylus, spondyli, smarides, stellae, spongeae, turdus, inter saxatiles nobilis, thynnis, thranis, quem alii xiphian vocant, thrissa, torpedo, tethea, tritomum pelamydum generis magni, ex quo terna cybia fiunt, veneria, uva, xiphias.

     To begin with large beasts, there are 'sea-trees,' blower-whales, other whales, saw-fish, Tritons, Nereids, walruses (?) so-called 'men of the sea,' 'wheels,' grampuses, 'sea-rams,' whalebone whales, and others having the shape of fishes, dolphins, and seals well known to Homer, tortoises on the other hand well known to luxury, beavers to medical people (of the class of beavers we have never found record, speaking as we are of marine animals, that otters anywhere frequent the sea); also sharks, 'drinones,' horned rays (?), sword-fish, saw-fish; hippopotamuses and crocodiles common to land, sea, and river; and, common to river and sea only, tunnies, other tunnies, 'shun,' `coracini,' and perches.
     Belonging to the sea only are sturgeon, gilt-head, 'asellus,' 'acharne,' small fry, thresher-shark, eel, weever-fish, bogue, skate, grey mullet, angler-fish, garfish?fish which we call thorny, sea-acorn, 'sea-crow,' 'cithari' the worst esteemed of the turbot kind, shad (?), goby, 'callarias' of the 'aselli' kind were it not smaller, Spanish mackerel also known as the Parian and as Sexitan from its native land Baetica, the smallest of the mackerels, cybium (this is the name given, when it has been sliced, to the young tunny which returns from the Black Sea into Lake Maeotis after forty days), 'cordyla' (this too is a very small young tunny; it has this name when it goes out from Lake Maeotis into the Black Sea), black bream, the 'callionymus' or 'uranoscopus,' 'cinaedi'-wrassethe only fishes which are yellow, sea-anemone, which we call nettle, species of crab, furrowed clams, smooth clams, clams of the kind 'peloris,' differing in variety of roundness of their shells, 'glycymarides'-clams, which are larger than 'pelorides,' 'coluthia" or 'coryphia,' species of bivalves amongst which are also the pearl-bearers, 'cochloe' (to the class of these belong the 'five-fingered,' also 'helices' called by others 'actinophorae'), whose rays give a singing sound (outside these there are round shells used in dealing with oil), sea-cucumber, 'cynops,' shrimps, 'dog's right-hand,' weever-fish; (certain people want the 'little weever' to be regarded as a different animal; in fact it is like a large 'gerricula,' and has on its gills prickles which look towards the tail; and when it is lifted in the hand, it inflicts a wound like a scorpion), 'erythrinus,' sucking-fish, sea-urchin, black 'elephants' of the lobster kind, having four forked legs (they also have two arms, each with double joints and a single pair of pincers having a toothed edge), 'fabri' or 'zaei,' 'glauciseus,' catfish, conger eel, 'girres,' dogfish, 'garos,' runner-crab(?) 'horsetail,' flying-fish, jellyfish, seahorse, 'hepar,' flying gurnard(?), rainbow-wrasse(?) species of mackerel, fluttering squid, crawfishes, 'lantern-fish,' 'lelepris,' 'lamirns,' sea-hare, 'lion'-lobsters, whose arms are like crabs' and the rest is like the crawfish, red mullet, a wrasse highly praised amongst rock-fish, grey mullet, 'black-tail,' 'mena,' 'maeotes,' murry, 'mys'-mussel, mussel, bearded mussel(?), purple-mollusc, 'eyed' fish, eel(?), species of bivalves, sea-ear, large tunny (this is the largest of the pelamys kind and it never comes back to Lake Macotis; it is like the 'tritomum' and is best in its old age), globe-fish, 'orthagoriscus' 'phager,' 'phycis' one of the rock-fish, 'pelamys'-tunny, of which kind the largest is called 'choice piece,' tougher than the 'tritomus,' 'pig'-fish, sea-louse, plaice (?), stingray, species of octopus, scallops (the very large ones, and, among these, those which are very black in summer time, being the most highly esteemed; moreover, these are found at Mytilene, Tyndaris, Salonae, Altinum, the island of Chios, and Alexandria in Egypt), small scallops, purple-molluscs, 'pegrides'(?), pinna, hermit crab (or pinas-guard crab), angel-fish which we call 'squatus,' turbot, parrot-wrasse, which is of first rank today, sole, sargue, prawn (or shrimp), 'sarda' (this is the name given to an elongated pelamy-tunny which comes from the Ocean), mackerel, saupe, 'sorus,' two kinds of sculpin, two kinds of maigre, scolopendra-worm, 'smyrus,' cuttlefish, spiral molluscs, razor-shells variously called 'solen,' 'aulos', 'donax,' 'onyx,' and 'dactylus'; thorny oysters, picarels, starflshes, sponges, 'turdus'-wrasse famous amongst rock-fish, tunny, thranis which others call swordfish, 'thrissa,' electric ray, sea-squirt, 'tritomum' ('three-cut') belong to a large kind of tunny, from each of which three 'cybia' can be cut, 'veneria,' cuttle-egg (?) swordfish.

   • Apicius, De re coquinaria 8I.10:

     Ius in cornutam: piper, ligusticum, origanum, cepam, uvam passam enucleatam, vinum, mel, acetum, liquamen, oleum, et coques.

     Sauce for sea robin: pepper, lovage, oregano, onion, raisins without pip, wine, honey, vinegar, liquamen, oil, and cook them.

語形変化

First-declension noun.

参照

• cornuta in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)