英和和英

語源 1

From mandūcus (“glutton”) +‎ -ō (verb-forming suffix), from mandō (“chew, eat, devour”). The noun mandūcus developed the specialized sense "masked figure with champing jaws".

動詞

mandūcō (present infinitive mandūcāre, perfect active mandūcāvī, supine mandūcātum); first conjugation

1. (Classical Latin, deponent in Old Latin) to chew, gnaw on, masticate
   • c. 100 BCE, Afranius, Fratriae (fragment XVII) in Scaenicae Romanorum Poesis Fragmenta (volume II), Otto Ribbeck (editor), Bibliotheca Teubneriana, Leipzig 1852, page 159:

     […] facile mandūcārī quī potest.

     […] whoever can chew on it easily.

   • c. 45 BCE, Varro, De lingua Latina 7.95:

     Dictum mandier ā mandendō, unde mandūcārī […]

     Here mandier comes from mandō, whence also comes mandūcārī […]

   • 63 CE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium 95.27:

     In cēnā fit quod fierī dēbēbat in ventre: expectō iam ut mandūcāta pōnantur.

     What should be done in my stomach is now done on the table: already I expect chewed things to be placed there.

2. (Late Latin, colloquial in Classical Latin) to eat
   • 121 CE, Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars 2 76.period2:

     Verba ipsīus ex epistulīs sunt: […] Nē Iūdaeus quidem, mī Tiberī, tam dīligenter sabbatīs ieiunium servat quam ego hodiē servāvī, quī in balineō dēmum post hōram prīmam noctis duās buccās mandūcāvī prius quam unguī inciperem.

     His [‌Augustus’s] own words from his letters are: […] Not even a Jew, my dear Tiberius, does the Saturday fasting as I did today, now that, at the baths, I finally ate a couple snacks at the first hour of the night, before starting with the cleaning oil.

   • c. 27 CE – 66 CE, Petronius, Satyricon 56.4:

     Nam mūtae bēstiae labōriōsissimae bovēs et ovēs: bovēs, quōrum beneficiō pānem mandūcāmus; ovēs, quod lānā illae nōs glōriōsōs faciunt.

     Oxen and sheep are quiet beasts that work exceedingly well: we eat bread as a benefit from oxen, and sheep make us look glorious with their wool.

   • 4th C. CE, Saint Jerome, Vulgate, Mark 14:22:

     Et mandūcantibus illīs, accēpit Iēsūs pānem, et benedīcēns frēgit, et dedit eīs, et ait, “Sūmite; hoc est corpus meum”.

     And as they were eating, Jesus took some bread, and broke it while blessing it, and gave it to them saying, “Take it; this is my body”.

Conjugation

派生した語

語源 2

mandūcō +‎ -ō (suffix forming agent nouns).

名詞

mandūcō m (genitive mandūcōnis); third declension (rare)

1. glutton

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

参照

• AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 680: “se ti pizzica” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “mandō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 362
• “mandūcō” in volume 8, column 273, line 72 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
• Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911), “manducare”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 384
• prudere in Dizionario dei Dialetti
• prudere in TIG

Further reading

• “manduco”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "manduco", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “manduco”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.