英和和英

別の表記

• Rom, Roome, Room, Rhoome, Romme, Rowme, Roym, Rum (archaic)
• Roma (uncommon)

語源

From 中期英語 Rome, from 古期英語 Rōm, from Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu, from Proto-Germanic *Rūmō and influenced by Late Latin Rōma (“Rome, Constantinople”), from Classical Latin Rōma (“Rome”). In Roman mythology, the name was said to derive from Romulus, one of the founders of the city and its first king.

The name appears in a wide range of forms in 中期英語, including Rom, Room, Roome, and Rombe as well as Rome; by early modern English, it appeared as Rome, Room, and Roome, with the spelling Rome occurring in Shakespeare and common from the early 18th century on. The final spelling was influenced by Norman, Middle French, Anglo-Norman, and Old French Rome. Doublet of Roma and Rum.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: rōm, IPA: /ɹəʊm/, (archaic, dialectal) IPA: /ɹum/
• (米国発音) enPR: rōm, IPA: /ɹəʊm/
• (Scotland) IPA: /ɾom/
• 韻: -əʊm
• 異形同音異義語: roam, Rom

固有名詞

Rome

1. A major city, the capital of Italy and the Italian region of Lazio, located on the Tiber River; the ancient capital of the Roman Empire.
   • 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], line 157:

     When could they say (till now) that talk'd of Rome,
     That her wide Walles incompast but one man?
     Now is it Rome indeed, and Roome enough
     When there is in it but one onely man.

   • 1866 December 8, 'Filius Ecclesiæ', Notes & Queries, "Rome:Room", 456 1:

     Within the last thirty weeks I have heard the word Rome pronounced Room by several old-fashioned people in the north of Ireland, some of my own relations among the number. On remonstrating with one of these, she said, "It was always Room when I was at school (say about 1830), and I am too old to change it now."

2. A metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy.
3. (metonymic) The Italian government.
   • 2016, Per Tiedtke, chapter 2, in Germany, Italy and the International Economy 1929–1936: Co-operation or Rivalries at Times of Crisis?‎, Europe: Tectum Verlag, →ISBN, page 99:

     At first, Berlin tried to amend the agreement to restore a German trade surplus, but Rome refused.

4. (historical) An ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire.

   Synonym: Ancient Rome

   • c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], line 82:

     These that suruiue, let Rome reward with loue.

   • 1711 May, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Criticism, London: […] W[illiam] Lewis […]; and sold by W[illiam] Taylor […], T[homas] Osborn[e] […], and J[ohn] Graves […], →OCLC, page 39:

     Learning and Rome alike in Empire grew,
     And Arts still follow'd where her Eagles flew;
     From the same Foes [viz., Tyranny and Superstition], at last, both felt their Doom,
     And the same Age saw Learning fall, and Rome.

   • 1821, Lord Byron, Marino Faliero, Doge of Venice. An Historical Tragedy, in Five Acts. […], London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, Act V, scene i, page 149:

     A wife's dishonour unking'd Rome for ever.

5. The Holy See, the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church, particularly prior to the establishment of the Vatican City in the 19th century.
   • 1537 January 26, T. Starkey, letter:

     The wych you perauenture wyl impute to thys defectyon from Rome.

   • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

     Winch. Rome shall remedie this
     Warw. Roame thither then.

6. The Church of Rome, the Roman Catholic Church generally.
   • c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii], line 7:

     King Iohn hath reconcil'd Himselfe to Rome.

7. A number of places in the United States:
   1. An unincorporated community in Covington County, Alabama.
   2. A city, the county seat of Floyd County, Georgia.
   3. A census-designated place in Peoria County, Illinois.
   4. An unincorporated community in Perry County, Indiana.
   5. A village in Henry County, Iowa.
   6. A ghost town in Ellis County, Kansas.
   7. An unincorporated community in Sumner County, Kansas.
   8. An unincorporated community in Daviess County, Kentucky.
   9. A town in Kennebec County, Maine.
   10. An unincorporated community in Sunflower County, Mississippi.
   11. An unincorporated community in Douglas County, Missouri.
   12. A city in Oneida County, New York.
   13. A village in Green Township, Adams County, Ohio.

       Synonym: Stout (the name of the post office)

   14. An unincorporated community in Delaware County, Ohio.
   15. A ghost town in Morrow County, Ohio.
   16. An unincorporated community in Richland County, Ohio.
   17. An unincorporated community in Malheur County, Oregon.
   18. A borough in Bradford County, Pennsylvania.
   19. An unincorporated community in Smith County, Tennessee.
   20. A town and unincorporated community in Adams County, Wisconsin.
   21. A census-designated place in Jefferson County, Wisconsin.
   22. A number of townships, including in Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio (3) and Pennsylvania (2), listed under Rome Township.
8. A surname.

同意語

• (archaic) Romeburg, Romeburgh, Romeland, Romelede, Romethede, Rome town
• (dated) Rome city
• Istanbul, Constantinople (new Rome)
• Moscow (third Rome, new Rome)

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

• → Hindi: रोम (rom)
• → Thai: โรม (room)

参考

• Roma
• Romania
• romance, romantic
• Romulan

参照

アナグラム

• -more, More, Moré, mero, Mero, omer, Omer, erom, Orme, moer, mero-, more, Orem

固有名詞

Rōme

1. accusative/genitive/dative singular of Rōm

語源

From 古期英語 Rōm, from Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu, from Proto-Germanic *Rūmō, from Latin Rōma.

発音

• IPA: /ˈroːm(ə)/, /ˈrɔːm(ə)/
• 韻: -oːm(ə), -ɔːm(ə)

固有名詞

Rome

1. Rome (a city, the capital of the Papacy; the ancient capital of the Roman Empire)
   • p. 1154, “AD 1129”, in Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (MS. Laud Misc. 636, continuation), Peterborough, folio 87, verso; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 8 February 2018:

     ſe an ƿæſ ᵹehaten petruſ · he ƿæſ munec of clunni ·⁊ ƿeaſ boren of þa ricceſte men of rome · mid him helden ða of rome ·⁊ ſe duc of ſicilie ·

     One was called Peter; he was a monk from Cluny who was descended from Rome's most powerful men. The people of Rome and the duke of Sicily sided with him.

   • c. 1382 (date written)​, Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “Boetius de consolatione Philosophie. The Fyrst Boke.”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, →OCLC, folio ccxxxv, recto, column 1:

     But now I am removed from the cyte of Rome almoſt .V.C.M. paas, I am wythoute defence dampned to pꝛoscrepcion and to deathe […]

     But now I've been sent almost 500,000 paces from the city of Rome; I am without defence, sentenced to exile and death.

   • c. 1386–1388 (date written)​, Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “The Legende of Good Women: The Legende of Lucresse of Rome”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, →OCLC, folio ccxxv, verso, column 2:

     Ne never was ther king in Rome towne / Syns thilke day, ⁊ ſhe was holden there […]

     There was never a king in Rome after that day, and she was seen there […]

2. The Roman Empire.

関連する語

• Romware

派生した語

• English: Rome
• Scots: Roum, Rome

参照

• “Rọ̄me, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 1 April 2018.