Wiktionary英語版
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turpis
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/04/17 01:43 UTC 版)
語源
Uncertain. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to turn”) (with the word interpreted as "turning away" > "repelling" > "disgusting"), and compared with Ancient Greek τρέπω (trépō, “to turn, divert”), Sanskrit त्रपते (trapate, “to be ashamed”). Compare typologically Russian отврати́тельный (otvratítelʹnyj) (< Old Church Slavonic отъвратити (otŭvratiti) < вратити (vratiti)). De Vaan is skeptical of the semantics of this derivation, and prefers, albeit with hesitation, to compare the word with torpeō (“to be stiff”).
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈtur.pis/, [ˈt̪ʊrpɪs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈtur.pis/, [ˈt̪urpis]
形容詞
turpis (neuter turpe, comparative turpior, superlative turpissimus, adverb turpiter); third-declension two-termination adjective
- ugly, unsightly; foul, filthy
- (of sound) cacophonous, disagreeable
- (figuratively) base, infamous, scandalous, dishonorable, shameful, disgraceful, unseemly, vile
語形変化
Third-declension two-termination adjective.
派生語
- turpe
- turpiculus
- turpificātus
- turpiloquium
- turpilucricupidus
- turpilucrus
- turpiter
- turpitūdō
- turpō
派生した語
- Balkan Romance:
- Italo-Romance:
- >? Gallurese: tulpi
- Italian: turpe
- Padanian:
- Romansch: tuorp
- Ibero-Romance:
- Galician: torpe
- Portuguese: torpe
- Spanish: torpe ⇒ estorpar
- Insular Romance:
- ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *exturpiāre
- Italian: storpiare, stroppiare (Old Lucchese)
- → French: estropier
- → German: struppieren (regional)
- → Portuguese: estropiar
- → Spanish: estropear
- Piedmontese: stropiè
- Romansch: strupiar, strupchiar, strupchier, strupchá
- Italian: storpiare, stroppiare (Old Lucchese)
- Borrowings:
参照
- “turpis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “turpis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- turpis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “tŭrpis”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 13: To–Tyrus, page 432
- Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “túrpe”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg
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