freoganとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Proto-West Germanic *frijōn, from Proto-Germanic *frijōną, from Proto-Indo-European *preyH-.

発音

• IPA: /ˈfre͜oː.jɑn/

動詞

frēoġan

1. to free, to liberate
   • Deuteronomy:

   Freo hine on ðam seofoðan geare.

   Free him in the seventh year.

2. to like, to love, to honour
   • Beowulf:

   Ic ðec for sunu wylle freogan.

   I will love you as a son.

Conjugation

派生語

• befrēoġan
• ġefrēoġan

関連する語

• frēond
• friþ
• frīġ
• frēo
• frēod

派生した語

• Middle English: freen
  • English: free
  • Scots: fre, frey, free

Further reading

• Campbell, Alistair (1959) Old English grammar, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 335:

  Frēoġan set free, love, past frēode, is developed from *frīōi̯-, *frīō-. These would give OE *frīeġ- > *frīiġ- (§376) > *frīġ-, and frīo-, frēo-. Accordingly VP has pres. indic. sg. ġefrīgu, -frēos, -frīoð, -frēoð, -frēað, pl. -frīġað, imper. -frīa, -frēa, past -frīode, -frēode, -frēade, and so pass. part. In view of this clear distinction of two stems frīġ-, frīo- in VP, the W-S stem frēoġ- is to be regarded as a contamination of frīġ- by frēo-; so also Ru. pres. subj. ġefrēoġe.

• Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 361:

  We would expect 'to love; to set free' to have been pre-OE *frijōja- ~ *frijō- [...] In early WS, however, the stem frīo- of the pres. indic. 2sg., 3sg., iptv. 2sg., which is supported by past frīo-d-, has been levelled into the rest of the present paradigm, giving a longer stem frīoġa- (Hogg and Fulk 2011: 287-8).

• Hogg, Richard M., Fulk, R. D. (2011) A Grammar of Old English: Volume 2: Morphology, page 287:

  Vowel contraction also occurred in stems that had PGmc *-ij- before *-ō-, since /j/ was lost, with compensatory lengthening, see Hogg (1992b: §7.70), followed by loss of hiatus. The PGmc stem *frij-ōj- 'liberate, love' thus produced Pre-OE *frī-ōj-, which then developed to *frī-ej- > *frī-ij- (ibid.: §6.52) > frīġ-, whilst the alternative stem without /j/ after /oː/, *frij-ō-, developed to *frī-ō- > WS frīo-, frēo-. In WS, the diphthong of the latter stem was levelled into the former, producing a paradigm like that of twēoġan, with inf. frēoġan, pret.sg. frēode