英和和英

語源

Ultimately from Proto-Italic *aiwotāts, from *aiwom +‎ *-tāts, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- (“vital energy, life”). By surface analysis, aevum +‎ -tās.

There are varying proposals for the exact series of processes that resulted in this term:

• Sihler proposes that it was syncopated from earlier Old Latin aevitās, itself from Proto-Italic *aiwotāts.
• De Vaan suggests that it may derive from earlier *aiotās, itself from *aiwotāts
• De Vaan alternatively suggests that it may derive from earlier *ajitās, from *aiwitās, itself also from *aiwotāts. Fortson also records *aiwitās as the pre-form of this term.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈae̯.taːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈɛː.tas]

名詞

aetās f (genitive aetātis); third declension

1. (principally) the period of a life: lifetime, lifespan
2. time of life, period or stage of life, age
   • 106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Cato Maior De Senectute 1.2:

     Numquam igitur satis dignē laudārī philosophia poterit, cui quī pāreat, omne tempus aetātis sine molestiā possit dēgere.

     Therefore, philosophy can never be praised as highly as she deserves, since he who obeys her is able to pass through every stage of life without distress.

   • 86 BCE – c. 35 BCE, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, De Coniuratione Catilinae 14.6:

     Nam ut cuiusque studium ex aetāte flāgrābat, aliīs scorta praebēre, aliīs canēs atque equōs mercārī.

     As the passions of each, according to his years, appeared excited, he furnished mistresses to some, bought horses and dogs for others.

   • 8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 5.353–354:

     et monet aetātis speciē, dum flōreat, ūtī;
     contemnī spīnam, cum cecidēre rosae

     And she urges [us] to indulge in the sight of [young] age, while [it is] still in bloom: The thorn is despised when the roses have fallen.
     (“She” is Flora (mythology).)

3. an undefined, relatively long period of time: an age, an era, a term, a duration
4. (metonymic) a generation

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

派生語

• æt.
• aetātula
• aeternus

派生した語

参照

• “aetas”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “aetas”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "aetas", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “aetas”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the present day: haec tempora, nostra haec aetas, memoria
    
  • in our time; in our days: his temporibus, nostra (hac) aetate, nostra memoria, his (not nostris) diebus
    
  • our generation has seen many victories: nostra aetas multas victorias vidit
    
  • in the time of Pericles: aetate (temporibus) Periclis
    
  • the middle ages: media quae vocatur aetas
    
  • Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles summus vir illius aetatis
    
  • to live (all) one's life (honourably, in the country, as a man of learning): vitam, aetatem (omnem aetatem, omne aetatis tempus) agere (honeste, ruri, in litteris), degere, traducere
    
  • to be of such and such an age: ea aetate, id aetatis esse
    
  • from one's entry into civil life: ab ineunte (prima) aetate (De Or. 1. 21. 97)
    
  • the prime of youthful vigour: flos aetatis
    
  • to be in the prime of life: aetate florere, vigere
    
  • to be in the prime of life: integra aetate esse
    
  • with advancing years: aetate progrediente
    
  • with the weight, weakness of declining years: aetate ingravescente
    
  • manhood: aetas constans, media, firmata, corroborata (not virilis)
    
  • having reached man's estate: corroborata, firmata aetate
    
  • to be advanced in years: aetate provectum esse (not aetate provecta)
    
  • to be more advanced in years: longius aetate provectum esse
    
  • to be infirm through old age: aetate affecta esse
    
  • to die at a good old age: exacta aetate mori
    
  • the last stage of life, one's last days: extrema aetas
    
  • the last stage of life, one's last days: extremum tempus aetatis
    
  • to be older than: aetate alicui antecedere, anteire
    
  • how old are you: qua aetate es?
    
  • to be entering on one's tenth year: decimum aetatis annum ingredi
    
  • to be middle-aged (i.e. between thirty and forty): tertiam iam aetatem videre
    
  • to happen during a person's life, year of office: in aetatem alicuius, in annum incidere
    
  • our contemporaries; men of our time: homines huius aetatis, nostrae memoriae
    
  • later writers: scriptores aetate posteriores or inferiores
    
  • to pass one's life in luxury and idleness: per luxum et ignaviam aetatem agere
    
  • to devote one's life to science, study: aetatem in litteris ducere, agere
    
  • the usual subjects taught to boys: doctrinae, quibus aetas puerilis impertiri solet (Nep. Att. 1. 2)
    
  • the usual subjects taught to boys: artes, quibus aetas puerilis ad humanitatem informari solet
    
  • to choose a career, profession: genus vitae (vivendi) or aetatis degendae deligere
    
  • modern history: recentioris aetatis memoria
    
  • the history of our own times; contemporary history: memoria huius aetatis (horum temporum)
    
  • universal history: omnis memoria, omnis memoria aetatum, temporum, civitatum or omnium rerum, gentium, temporum, saeculorum memoria
    
  • the mythical period, the heroic age: aetas heroica (Tusc. 5. 3. 7)
    
  • the principles which I have followed since I came to man's estate: meae vitae rationes ab ineunte aetate susceptae (Imp. Pomp. 1. 1.)
    
  • people of every rank and age: homines omnium ordinum et aetatum
    
  • the consular age (43 years): aetas consularis
    
  • military age: aetas militaris
    
  • men exempt from service owing to age: qui per aetatem arma ferre non possunt or aetate ad bellum inutiles
    
• “aetas”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “aetas”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 120
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 29
• Benjamin W. Fortson IV (2017), “The dialectology of Italic”, in Brian Joseph, Matthias Fritz, Jared Klein, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics, De Gruyter, page 843