英和和英

アナグラム

• OSB, SOB, sob, SBO, obs, BSO, obs., Obs, OBs

アナグラム

• OSB, SOB, sob, SBO, obs, BSO, obs., Obs, OBs

別の表記

• bovis, būs (rare)

語源

Irregular, for the expected **vōs/**ūs, accusative **vom, oblique stem **vov-, from Proto-Italic *gʷōs, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws, which also gave Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Sanskrit गो (go) (nominative singular gaúḥ), and English cow.

Most likely a borrowing from a Osco-Umbrian language, attested as Umbrian bum (acc.sg.), bue (abl.sg.), buo (gen.pl.), buf (acc.pl.) all spelling /bō-/. This was likely motivated by the fact that the expected form would have produced an undesirable homonymic clash with vōs (“you”) in the nominative and with ovis (“sheep”) in the oblique. It's unclear whether the borrowing included the entire paradigm, or just the initial consonant.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈboːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈbɔs]

名詞

bōs m or f (genitive bovis); irregular, third declension

1. head of cattle (cow, bull, steer, or ox)
   • c. 98 CE, Tacitus, Germania 18:

     Hoc iuncti boves, hoc paratus equus, hoc data arma denuntiant.

     The yoked oxen, the harnessed steed, the gift of arms, proclaim this fact.

語形変化

Third-declension noun (irregular).

Old Latin.

• The medial /w/ is often found spelled ⟨B⟩, normally not spelled in the form boum, and is sometimes lost in the forms bo(v)e and bo(v)ēs.

同意語

• cornigera n pl
• iūmentum (when used to pull carts); armentum (when used to pull plows)

上位語

• iūmenta (when used to pull carts); armenta (when used to pull plows)

下位語

• taurus m
• vacca f
• vitulus m

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

参照

• “bōs” in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “bōs”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 74

Further reading

• “bos”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “bos”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "bos", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “bos”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “On Latin bōs”, in laohutiger.wordpress.com, 2 January 2012, retrieved 16 June 2021