英和和英

語源

From plural +‎ -ism.

発音

名詞

pluralism (countable and uncountable, plural pluralisms)

1. The quality or state of being plural, or in the plural number.
   • 2001, David L. Lieber, Jules Harlow, Etz Hayim: Torah and Commentary, page 1017:

     Polytheism was inherently tolerant of the worship of many gods, because no single god was thought to control all the phenomena that are vital for human life. The gods were believed to tolerate this pluralism, and several could be worshiped in the same sanctuary or addressed in the same prayer.

2. (ecclesiastical) The state of a pluralist; the holding of more than one ecclesiastical living at a time.
3. (sociology) A social system that permits smaller groups within a society to maintain their individual cultural identities.
   • 2007, Matthias Koenig with Paul F. A. Guchteneire, Unesco, Democracy and Human Rights in Multicultural Societies, page 251:

     Instead, it is more probable that globalization is leading to a plurality of pluralisms.

4. (politics) The belief that there should be diverse and competing centers of power in society.
5. (politics) The acknowledgement of a diversity of political systems.
6. (law) The existence of differing legal systems in a population or area.
7. (philosophy) The belief that values can be simultaneously antagonistic and incommensurable.
   • 2006, Connie Aarsbergen-Ligtvoet, Isaiah Berlin: A Value Pluralist and Humanist View of Human Nature and the Meaning of Live, →ISBN:

     Due to pluralism and conflicts within the good itself, such perfection, for Berlin, is not possible. A compromise does not bring us closer to a higher telos in history.

   • 2016, Stuart Firestein, Failure: Why Science is So Successful, page 217:

     Pluralism is a creative force because it admits of multiple ways to see a thing, multiple valuable paths to choose from.

8. (philosophy) The belief that a plural predicate refers to its individuals rather than to a collective.
   • 2014, Salvatore Florio, “Untyped Pluralism”, in Mind‎, volume 123, number 490, pages 317–337:
   • 2015, Michael Rieppel, “Pluralities and Plural Logic”, in Analysis‎, volume 75, number 3, pages 504–514:

同意語

• (ecclesiastical): plurality

派生語

関連する語

• plural
• pluralist
• pluralistic

参照

• “pluralism”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• Guy Ankerl: Coexisting Contemporary Civilizations: Arabo-Muslim, Bhrati, Chinese, and Western. INUPress, Geneva, 2000 →ISBN