英和和英

語源

Learned borrowing from Latin sinus (“a bent surface, curve, hollow”). Doublet of sine.

発音

• IPA: /ˈsaɪ.nəs/
• 韻: -aɪnəs

名詞

sinus (plural sinuses)

1. (anatomy, zootomy) A pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities (the paranasal sinus).

   Hyponyms: ethmoid sinus, frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, paranasal sinus, piriform sinus, Rokitansky-Aschoff sinus, sphenoid sinus

2. (anatomy) An irregular venous or lymphatic cavity, reservoir, or dilated vessel.

   Hyponyms: carotid sinus, cavernous sinus, coronary sinus, lateral sinus, petrosal sinus, sagittal sinus, sigmoid sinus, straight sinus, transverse sinus, venous sinus

   1. (physiology, attributive) Relating to or denoting the sinoatrial node of the heart or its function of regulating the heartbeat.
3. (pathology) An abnormal cavity or passage such as a fistula, leading from a deep-seated infection and discharging pus to the surface.
4. (botany) A rounded notch or depression between two lobes or teeth in the margin of a leaf or petal.
5. (geography) A bay of the sea; a recess in the shore.
6. (trigonometry) Synonym of sine.
   • 1884 November 29, “Aerial Navigation”, in Scientific American: A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures, volume LI, number 22, New York, N.Y.: Munn & Co., translation of original by Victor Tatin in La Nature, page 342, column 1:

     So, in the helicopteron, as the helix is at the same time a sustaining plane, it should be likened to a surface moving horizontally, and in which, consequenty, the resistance to motion will be to the lifting power as the sinus is to the cosinus of the angle formed by such plane with the horizon.

   • 1996, Pentti Zetterberg, Matti Eronen, Markus Lindholm, “Construction of a 7500-Year Tree-Ring Record for Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris, L.) in Northern Fennoscandia and its Application to Growth Variation and Palaeoclimatic Studies”, in Heinrich Spiecker, Kari Mielikäinen, Michael Köhl, Jens Peter Skovsgaard, editors, Growth Trends in European Forests (European Forest Institute Research Report; No. 5), Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 15:

     The variations are described in terms of cycles of sinuses and cosinuses.

   • 2007, Vladimir G. Ivancevic, Tijana T. Ivancevic, “Introduction: Human and Computational Mind”, in Computational Mind: A Complex Dynamics Perspective (Studies in Computational Intelligence; 60), Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, →ISBN, →LCCN, section 1 (Natural Intelligence and Human Mind), pages 60–61:

     Basically, the rotation of the matrix of the factor loadings L represents its post-multiplication, i.e. L* = LO by the rotation matrix O, which itself resembles one of the matrices included in the classical rotational Lie groups SO(m) (containing the specific m–fold combination of sinuses and cosinuses.

派生語

参照

• “sinus”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “sinus”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

アナグラム

• Sunis, nisus

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈsɪ.nʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈsiː.nus]

名詞

sinus m (genitive sinūs); fourth declension

1. (chiefly poetic) a bent surface; a curve, fold, hollow
2. (literal) the hanging fold of a toga over the breast; a pocket, lap

   Synonym: gremium

   1. (transferred sense)
      1. a purse, money (which was carried in the bosom of the toga)
      2. (poetic) a garment
         • 8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 4.431–432:

           […] ‘comitēs, accēdite’ dīxit
           ‘et mēcum plēnōs flōre referte sinūs.’

           ‘Come, my companions,’ she said,
           ‘and carry back flowers with me, filling the folds of your garments.’

      3. the bosom, breast

         Synonym: pectus

         • c. 731 CE, Beda Presbyter, Historia ecclesiastica 3.2:

           Quī cum sedēns ad mēnsam nōn habēret ad manum, ubi oblātum sibi mūnus repōneret, mīsit hoc in sinum sibi.

           Having nowhere to put what had been brought him when sitting at the table, he shoved it into his bosom.

   2. (figurative)
      1. the bosom for love, protection, asylum
      2. the interior, inmost part of a thing
      3. a power, possession of someone
      4. a hiding place, place of concealment; a secret feeling
3. a gulf, bay, bight
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneid 1.159–161:

     Est in sēcessū longō locus: īnsula portum
     efficit obiectū laterum, quibus omnis ab altō
     frangitur inque sinūs scindit sēsē unda reductōs.

     After long sailing comes land: here an island, its sides jutting round, forms a haven, against which every wave [coming] from the deep sea shatters, and spreads itself into the hollows of the bay.

   1. the land lying on or a point of land that helps to form a gulf
   2. a basin, hollow, valley
   3. (Medieval Latin) a fjord
4. (Medieval Latin, mathematics) the chord of an arc; a sine

Inflection

Fourth-declension noun.

派生語

• sinuō (verb)
• sinuōsus (adjective)

派生した語

語源 2

From Proto-Indo-European *sh₁ih₂sno-, deverbative of *seh₁y- (“to sift, strain”) (compare Ancient Greek ἠθέω (ēthéō), Lithuanian sijóti, Serbo-Croatian sȉjati).

別の表記

• sīnum

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈsiː.nʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈsiː.nus]

名詞

sīnus m (genitive sīnī); second declension

1. (pre-classical) alternative form of sīnum (“large round drinking vessel”)

Inflection

Second-declension noun.

参照

Further reading

• “sinus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “sinum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “sinus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "sinus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “sinus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the heart of the city: sinus urbis (Sall. Cat. 52. 35)
    
  • the city is situate on a bay: urbs in sinu sita est
    
  • to rejoice in secret: in sinu gaudere (Tusc. 3. 21. 51)
    
  • to love and make a bosom friend of a person: aliquem in sinu gestare (aliquis est in sinu alicuius) (Ter. Ad. 4. 5. 75)
    
  • (ambiguous) to be driven into the arms of philosophy: in sinum philosophiae compelli
    
• “sinus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “sinus”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly