英和和英

語源

From Late Latin sȳzygia (“conjunction”), from Ancient Greek συζυγία (suzugía, “union, yoke, pair”). This word was recognized as English in 1847 (in its astronomical meaning).

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɪz.ɪ.d͡ʒi/

名詞

syzygy (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 syzygies)

1. (astronomy, astrology) An alignment of three celestial bodies (for example, the Sun, Earth, かつ Moon) such that one body is directly between the other two, such as occurs at an eclipse.

   Coordinate terms: perigee, perihelion, proxigee

   • 2004, Phyllis M. Lugger, William Liller, Asteroids to Quasars: A Symposium Honoring William Liller, Cambridge University Press (→ISBN), page 67:

     The duration of an eclipse depends on the relative positions of the sun, moon, and earth in their syzygy.

2. (Jungian psychology) An archetypal pairing of contrasexual opposites, symbolizing the communication of the conscious and unconscious minds.
   • 2006, Renos K. Papadopoulos, The Handbook of Jungian Psychology: Theory, Practice and Applications, Psychology Press (→ISBN), page 117:

     In 1936 Jung defends his concept of animus and anima by reference to the idea of the syzygy, concluding from the evidence in many different mythologies of the divine couple, united by a sacred marriage, that this motif is as universal as the existence of men and women. He postulates that in the syzygy the archetypal union of the parents is expressed, the mother corresponding to the anima.

3. (mathematics, linear algebra) A relation between generators of a module.
   • 2015, Henri Lombardi, Claude Quitté, Commutative Algebra: Constructive Methods: Finite Projective Modules, Springer (→ISBN), page 173:

     A finitely presented module is an A-module M given by a finite number of generators and relations. Therefore it is a module with a finite generator set having a finitely generated syzygy module.

4. (medicine) The fusion of some or all of the organs.
5. (zoology) The association of two protozoa end-to-end or laterally for the purpose of asexual exchange of genetic material.
   • 1900, Karl Alfred von Zittel, Text-book of Paleontology: Protozoa. Coelentrata (zoophytes). Echinodermata. Vermes (Worms). Molluscoidea. Mollusca. Arthropoda (articulates):

     When two or more arm-joints meet transversely by a rigid suture, and only the upper one is pinnule-bearing, those joints form a syzygy, whether their apposed faces are striated, dotted, or smooth.

   • 2018, Richard E. Blackwelder, The Diversity of Animal Reproduction, CRC Press (→ISBN)

     These include syzygy, fusion of larvae or adults of flatworms, fusion of buds of some Tunicata, somatic fertilization (fusion of spermatozoa with somatic cells), composite zygotes of some Cestoda and Insecta, and fusion of cells in various tissues.

6. (genetics) The pairing of chromosomes in meiosis.