英和和英

語源

Inherited from 中期英語 comunicacioun, communicacion (“discussion, association”), from Old French communicacion, from Latin commūnicātiōnem, accusative singular of commūnicātiō (“imparting, communicating”), from commūnicō (“to share, to impart”). Morphologically communicate +‎ -ion.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /kəˌmjuː.nɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
• (General American, Canada) IPA: /kəˌmju.nɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
• (General Australian) IPA: /kəˌmjʉː.nɪˈkæɪ.ʃən/
• (New Zealand) IPA: /kəˌmjʉː.nəˈkæɪ.ʃən/
• (Indic) IPA: /kəmˈjunɪkeʃən/, /kəm(jʊ)nɪˈkeʃən/
• ハイフネーション: com‧mu‧ni‧ca‧tion
• 韻: -eɪʃən

名詞

communication (countable and uncountable, plural communications)

1. The act or fact of communicating anything; transmission.

   communication of smallpox

   communication of a secret

2. (uncountable) The concept or state of exchanging data or information between entities.

   Some say that communication is a necessary prerequisite for sentience; others say that it is a result thereof.

   The node had established communication with the network, but had as yet sent no data.

3. A message; the essential data transferred in an act of communication.

   Surveillance was accomplished by means of intercepting the spies' communications.

4. The body of all data transferred to one or both parties during an act of communication.

   The subpoena required that the company document their communication with the plaintiff.

5. An instance of information transfer; a conversation or discourse.

   The professors' communications consisted of lively discussions via email.

   • 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

     Argument […] and friendly communication.

6. A passageway or opening between two locations; connection.

   A round archway at the far end of the hallway provided communication to the main chamber.

   • 1727, John Arbuthnot, Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights and Measures. Explain'd and exemplify'd in several dissertations:

     The Euxine Sea is conveniently situated for trade, by the communication it has both with Asia and Europe.

   • 1900, Patents for Inventions: Abridgments of Specifications, page 75:

     This communication between the tank and pump is controlled by a float valve in the tanks and a cock in the pipe, while a poppet valve prevents the undrawn liquor going into the waste tank.

7. (anatomy) A connection between two tissues, organs, or cavities.
   • 1855, William Stokes, The Diseases of the Heart and the Aorta Page 617

     ...and here a free communication had been established between the aorta and the vena cava.

8. (obsolete) Association; company.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Bible Corinthians/#15 1 Corinthians:15–33:

     Evil communications corrupt good manners.

9. Participation in Holy Communion.
   • 1672, William Cave, Primitive Christianity:

     We admit them in the Church to a right of Communication to drink of the Cup of the Bloud of Christ.

10. (rhetoric) A trope by which a speaker assumes that his hearer is a partner in his sentiments, and says "we" instead of "I" or "you".
    • 1798, James Beattie, Elements of Moral Science:

      Communication […] takes place when a speaker or writer assumes his hearer or reader as a partner in his sentiments and discourse, saying We, instead of I or Ye.

反意語

• anticommunication

下位語

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

• → Japanese: コミュニケーション (komyunikēshon)
• → Korean: 커뮤니케이션 (keomyunikeisyeon)

参照

• “communication”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• communication in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• Raymond Williams (1983), “Communication”, in Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society, revised American edition, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, published 1985, →ISBN, page 72.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “communication”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

Further reading

• communication on Wikipedia.Wikipedia