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• Symbol: XIII

語源

From trēs (“three”) +‎ decem (“ten”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈtreː.dɛ.kĩː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈtrɛː.de.t͡ʃim]
• (Alternatively, if tredecim: (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈtrɛ.dɛ.kĩː])
• The length of the vowel in the first syllable is not directly attested in Classical Latin. A number of modern references mark it as long (trēdecim), which is the expected phonetic outcome of trēsdecim and is consistent with the form of the word’s descendants in Romance languages (such as Spanish trece, rather than *triece). Others say its length is unknown or mark it as short (perhaps by comparison to trecentī, where short tre- is established by scansion).

数詞

trēdecim (indeclinable)

1. thirteen; 13
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 9:

     Miremur si, cum ex hac parte saecula plura numerentur quam ex illa anni, plus in tam longo spatio quam in aetate tredecim annorum fortuna uariauerit?

     Where more generations are reckoned on one side than years on the other, can we be surprised that in such a long space of time there have been more changes of fortune than in a period of thirteen years?

   • c. 100 CE – 110 CE, Tacitus, Histories 2.83:

     sed legio sexta et tredecim vexillariorum milia ingenti agmine sequebantur

     Behind him, however, came in a vast body the 6th legion and 13,000 veterans.

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.17.25:

     et Ismahel filius eius tredecim annos impleverat tempore circumcisionis suae

     And Ishmael his son was thirteen years old, when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.

派生語

• trēdecennium (New Latin)
• trēdennis (Mediaeval Latin)

派生した語

参考

• Appendix:Latin cardinal numbers

参照

Further reading

• “tredecim”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • I am thirteen years old: tredecim annos natus sum