hranとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• hron, ran

発音

• IPA: /xrɑn/, [r̥ɑn]
• 韻: -ɑn

名詞

hran m

1. a small whale or large delphinid

   (gloss) ballaena

   • 7~8th c., Glossa in Psalmos; Vatican Library MS. Pal. lat. 68, folio 12v:

     ... VII fiscas sēlaes fyllu, sifu sēlas hronaes fyllu, sifu hronas hualaes fyllu.

     ... seven fish fill a seal, seven seals fill a "hran", seven "hrans" fill a whale.

使用する際の注意点

This word, especially as part of the well-known poetic compound hranrād, has long been translated as just “whale”, as if fully synonymous with hwæl; however, Tolkien argues that the term better refers to some kind of porpoise or dolphin. Another article addresses this more directly, concluding that hran likely refers to the larger members of the family Delphinidae, such as the orca and pilot whale, but not any much smaller than the Risso's dolphin.

語形変化

Strong a-stem:

派生語

• hranfisċ

Collocations

• mereswīn
• seolh

参照

• Joseph Bosworth; T. Northcote Toller (1898), “hran”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Angus Cameron, Ashley Crandell Amos, Antonette diPaolo Healey, editors (2024), “hran”, in Dictionary of Old English: A to Le ⁠, Toronto: University of Toronto, →OCLC.

語源 2

Calque of Old Norse hreinn, as if from Proto-West Germanic *hrain, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hrainaz. At the time, Old Norse and 古期英語 were sufficiently close that the correspondence between ā and ei was transparent, as in words like stān (“stone”) and steinn (“id.”).

発音

• IPA: /xrɑːn/, [r̥ɑːn]
• 韻: -ɑːn

名詞

hrān m

1. reindeer
   • late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans

     Þā dēor hī hātaþ hrānas...

     They call those animals reindeer...

語形変化

Strong a-stem:

派生語

• stælhrān

参照

• Joseph Bosworth; T. Northcote Toller (1898), “hrán”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Angus Cameron, Ashley Crandell Amos, Antonette diPaolo Healey, editors (2024), “hrān”, in Dictionary of Old English: A to Le ⁠, Toronto: University of Toronto, →OCLC.