英和和英

語源

Perhaps based on Etruscan 𐌖𐌓𐌐𐌀 (apru), from Ancient Greek Ἀφροδίτη (Aphrodítē, “Venus”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [aˈpriː.lɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [aˈpriː.lis]

形容詞

Aprīlis (neuter Aprīle); third-declension two-termination adjective

1. Of April.
   • 44 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Philippicae 2.93.6 (This can be understood either as an accusative plural adjective in -īs or a genitive singular noun in -is):

     Tu autem quadringentiens sestertium quod Idibus Martiis debuisti quonam modo ante Kalendas Aprilis debere desisti?

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 25.1.12.4:

     Is et in contione senatus consultum recitavit et edixit ut quicumque libros vaticinos precationesve aut artem sacrificandi conscriptam haberet eos libros omnes litterasque ad se ante kalendas Apriles deferret neu quis in publico sacrove loco novo aut externo ritu sacrificaret.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 29.14.14.2:

     Eae per manus, succedentes deinde aliae aliis, omni obuiam effusa ciuitate, turibulis ante ianuas positis qua praeferebatur atque accenso ture precantibus ut volens propitiaque urbem Romanam iniret, in aedem Victoriae quae est in Palatio pertulere deam pridie idus Apriles; isque dies festus fuit.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 44.19.4.2:

     Et ne quid profectionem suam teneret, pridie idus Apriles Latinis esse constitutam diem.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horatius, Carmina 4.11.14–15:

     quī diēs mēnsem Veneris marīnae findit Aprīlem

     the day that halves sea-born Venus’s month of April

   • 8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 4.621:

     Occupat Apriles Idus cognomine Victor / Iuppiter: hac illi sunt data templa die.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 10.124.2:

     Hoc gestum M. Servilio C. Cestio cos. a. d. V kal. Apriles.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 17.189.4:

     Quidam ita determinant: veterem semel a vindemia ante brumam, cum alii ablaqueare et stercorare satis put(e)nt, iterum ab idibus Aprilibus, antequam concipiat, hoc est in VI idus Maias; dein prius quam florere incipiat et cum defloruerit et variante se uva.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 18.169.6:

     Hoc fit Novembri mense incipiente, postea pauci runcant—botanismon vocant—, reliqua pars non nisi cum falce arva visit paulo ante kal. Apriles.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

使用する際の注意点

In Classical Latin, month names were regularly used as adjectives, generally modifying a case-form of mēnsis m sg (“month”) or of one of the nouns used in the Roman calendar to refer to specific days of the month from which other days were counted: kalendae f pl (“calends”), nōnae f pl (“nones”), īdūs f pl (“ides”). However, the masculine noun mēnsis could be omitted by ellipsis, so the masculine singular forms of month names eventually came to be used as proper nouns.

The accusative plural adjective forms Aprīlīs, Septembrīs, Octōbrīs, Novembrīs, Decembrīs are ambiguous in writing, being spelled identically to the genitive singular forms of the nouns; nevertheless, the use of ablative singular forms in -ī and comparison with the usage of other month names as adjectives supports the interpretation of -is as an accusative plural adjective ending in Classical Latin phrases such as "kalendas Septembris".

語形変化

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

• In medieval and New Latin, the ablative singular can also be found as Aprīle.

固有名詞

Aprīlis m sg (genitive Aprīlis); third declension

1. April
   • 8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 4.901

語形変化

Third-declension noun (i-stem, ablative singular in -ī), singular only.

• In medieval and New Latin, the ablative singular can also be found as Aprīle.

派生した語

Borrowings

参考

• Roman calendar on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

参照

Further reading

• “Aprilis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “Aprilis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “Aprilis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.