英和和英

語源

From Old Latin iovestos, from Proto-Italic *jowestos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-. Synchronically analysable as iūs +‎ -tus.

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈi̯uːs.tus/, [ˈi̯uːs̠t̪ʊs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈjus.tus/, [ˈjust̪us]

形容詞

iūstus (feminine iūsta, neuter iūstum, 比較級 iūstior, 最上級 iūstissimus); first/second-declension adjective

1. just, righteous
2. lawful, legal

   Synonym: lēgitimus

3. justified, merited, well-deserved, due
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 26.1:

     Ea tum cura maxime intentos habebat Romanos, non ab ira tantum, quae in nullam unquam ciuitatem iustior fuit, quam quod urbs tam nobilis ac potens, sicut defectione sua traxerat aliquot populos, ita recepta inclinatura rursus animos uidebatur ad ueteris imperii respectum.

     This concern in particular troubled the mindful Romans at the time, not so much because of anger, which has never been more justified against any other city, rather because a city so noble and powerful, in the same way that it had attracted the support of a number of communities by its revolt, was thought would again turn attention back towards respect for the previous government once recaptured.

4. proper, perfect, complete, reasonable, suitable, sufficient

   Synonyms: opportūnus, commodus, habilis, aptus, idōneus, dignus, conveniēns, lēgitimus, ūtilis

   Antonyms: incommodus, inūtilis, ineptus, irritus, grātuītus

5. (figuratively) exact, straight, direct

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

派生語

• iūstificus
• iūstitia

派生した語

Borrowings

参照

• “justus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “iustus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• iustus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• iustus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to perform the last rites for a person: iusta facere, solvere alicui
    
  • to be deprived of the rites of burial: iustis exsequiarum carere
    
  • for valid reasons: iustis de causis
    
  • soldiers collected in haste; irregulars: milites tumultuarii (opp. exercitus iustus) (Liv. 35. 2)
    
  • a regular, formal war: bellum iustum (pium)
    
  • a pitched battle: proelium iustum (opp. tumultuarium)
    
  • to fight a pitched, orderly battle with an enemy: iusto (opp. tumultuario) proelio confligere cum hoste (Liv. 35. 4)
    
  • with perfect right: iusto iure