英和和英

名詞

lyra

1. (anatomy, dated) The middle portion of the ventral surface of the fornix of the brain.
   • 1840, Alexander Tweedie, William Wood Gerhard, A system of practical medicine: Volume 1, page 295:

     The vessels of the brain generally are often distended and gorged with blood, the lyra especially being fully injected.

語源 2

名詞

lyra (plural lyras)

1. A vertically suspended hoop used in acrobatic performances.

語源 3

Earliest known depiction of lyra (sense 1) in a Byzantine ivory casket (900 – 1100 AD). (Museo Nazionale, Florence)

Various models of the Cretan lyra (sense 2) at the museum of Greek traditional instruments, Athens.

From Ancient Greek λῠ́ρᾱ (lŭ́rā) or Modern Greek λύρα (lýra). Doublet of lira, Lyra, and lyre.

別の表記

• lira (Byzantine lyra)

名詞

lyra (plural lyras)

1. A bowed string musical instrument used in the Byzantine Empire.
   • 2013, Howard Goodall, “The Age of Penitence, 1450–1650”, in The Story of Music, Chatto & Windus, page 55:

     A Persian scholar of the early tenth century, lbn Khurradadhbih, reported the lyra to be in widespread use throughout the empire, along with organs and bagpipes.

   • 2019, Efthimios Bakarezos, Yannis Orphanos, Evaggelos Kaselouris, Vasilios Dimitriou, Michael Tatarakis, Nektarios A. Papadogiannis, “Laser-Based Interferometric Techniques for the Study of Musical Instruments”, in Rolf Bader, editor, Computational Phonogram Archiving (Current Research in Systematic Musicology), Springer, →ISBN, →ISSN, →LCCN, page 257:

     The Cretan lyra is considered to be the most popular surviving form of the medieval Byzantine lyra, an ancestor of most European bowed instruments.

   • 2021, Robert U. Ayres, The History and Future of Technology: Can Technology Save Humanity from Extinction?, Springer, →ISBN, page 72:

     The direct ancestor of all European bowed instruments is the Arabic rebab which developed into the Byzantine lyra by the ninth century and later the European rebec.

2. A bowed instrument used in folk music in Crete, Greece.
   • 1980, Margaret Anne Downie, “The Modern Greek Lyra”, in Journal of the American Musical Instrument Society, page 153:

     According to the Greek musicologist Fivos Anoyanakis, the piriform lyras of Crete have, at various times throughout history, been produced in different sizes and styles.

   • 1988, Krētē: Monthly Publication of the Pancretan Association of America, page 10:

     Immediately after the ceremony, the wedding procession, accompanied by the lyra, lute (laouto) and songs, returns to the groom’s house […]

   • 2019, Janet Sturman, editor, The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Music and Culture, SAGE Publications:

     In Crete, the lyra continues to be practiced.

   • 2020, “Cretan Lyra”, in Andrew R. Martin, Matthew Mihalka, editors, Music Around the World: A Global Encyclopedia, ABC-Clio, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 207:

     Faithfully following the authentic local tradition, most lyras are entirely handmade.

派生語

• lyra viol

Further reading

• Byzantine lyra on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Cretan lyra on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

アナグラム

• yarl, ryal, Rayl, lyar, Lary, aryl, Ryal, RYLA, Yarl

語源

From Ancient Greek λύρᾱ (lúrā, “lyre”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈly.ra]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈliː.ra]

名詞

lyra f (genitive lyrae); first declension

1. (music) lyre, lute
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.105–106:

     ‘septēna putāris, Plēiadum numerum, fīla dedisse lyrae’

     ‘‘you are thought to have given seven – the number of the Pleiads – strings to the lyre’’
     (The muse Calliope credits Hermes/Mercury with inventing the lyre, and giving it seven strings to honor his mother Maia, eldest of the Pleiades (Greek mythology).)

2. the northern constellation Lyra

語形変化

First-declension noun.

派生語

• lyricen
• lyricus
• lyristēs

派生した語

• → English: lyra, Lyra
• → French: lyre
• → Italian: lira
• → Spanish: lira

参照

• “lyra”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “lyra”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “lyra”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “lyra”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin