英和和英

語源

From Proto-Italic *spēs, from Proto-Indo-European *spéh₁s (“prosperity”), from *speh₁- (“to succeed, prosper”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈspeːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈspɛs]

名詞

spēs f (genitive speī); fifth declension

1. hope (belief or expectation that something wished for can or will happen)

   Dum anima est, spēs est. ― As long as there is life, there is hope.

   • 160 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Adelphoe 219:

     Ego spem pretiō nōn emō!

     I don’t buy hope at any price!
     (In other words, purchase nothing more than an expectation.)

2. (rare) expectation, anticipation
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.5:

     ab initio Faustulo spes fuerat regiam stirpem apud se educari

     From the beginning there was an expectation for Faustulus that he was bringing up the children of the royal blood

3. (rare) apprehension

語形変化

Fifth-declension noun.

派生語

• exspēs
• spēcula

関連する語

• spērō

派生した語

参照

Further reading

• “spes”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “spes”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "spes", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “spes”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • he is a young man of great promise: adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt
    
  • a promising youth: adulescens bonae (egregiae) spei
    
  • to cherish a hope: spem habere
    
  • to cherish a hope: spe duci, niti, teneri
    
  • I have great hopes that..: magna me spes tenet (with Acc. c. Inf.) (Tusc. 1. 41. 97)
    
  • to conceive a hope: in spem venire, ingredi, adduci
    
  • to conceive a hope: spem concipere animo
    
  • to revive a hope: spem redintegrare (B. G. 7. 25)
    
  • to inspire any one with hope: spem alicui facere, afferre, inicere
    
  • to awaken new hope in some one: ad spem aliquem excitare, erigere
    
  • to inspire some one with the most brilliant hopes: in maximam spem aliquem adducere (Att. 2. 22. 3)
    
  • to induce some one to take a brighter view of things: in meliorem spem, cogitationem aliquem inducere (Off. 2. 15. 53)
    
  • to lead some one to expect..: spem proponere alicui
    
  • a ray of hope shines on us: spes affulget (Liv. 27. 28)
    
  • to rouse a vain, groundless hope in some one's mind: spem falsam alicui ostendere
    
  • to deprive a person of hope: spem alicui adimere, tollere, auferre, eripere
    
  • to cut off all hope: spem praecīdere, incidere (Liv. 2. 15)
    
  • to lose hope: spem perdere
    
  • to lose hope: spe deici, depelli, deturbari
    
  • expectation is overthrown: spes ad irritum cadit, ad irritum redigitur
    
  • to give up hoping: spem abicere, deponere
    
  • to be misled by a vain hope: inani, falsa spe duci, induci
    
  • hope has played me false: spes me frustratur
    
  • hope is vanishing by degrees: spes extenuatur et evanescit
    
  • to deceive a person's hope: spem alicuius fallere (Catil. 4. 11. 23)
    
  • to weaken, diminish a person's hope: spem alicui or alicuius minuere
    
  • to strengthen a person in his hopes: spem alicuius confirmare
    
  • to entertain a hope: spem alere
    
  • to set one's hope on some one: spem habere in aliquo
    
  • to set one's hope on some one: spem suam ponere, collocare in aliquo
    
  • to hover between hope and fear: inter spem metumque suspensum animi esse
    
  • contrary to expectation: praeter spem, exspectationem
    
• “spes”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “spes”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
• spes, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011