英和和英

発音

• IPA: /ˈtjʊəɹi.əʊ/, /ˈtʊəɹi.əʊ/

名詞

turio (plural turios or turiones)

1. (botany) A shoot or sprout from the ground.

参照

• “turio”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈtʊ.ri.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈt̪uː.ri.o]

名詞

turiō m (genitive turiōnis); third declension

1. (very rare) a young branch, twig (of laurel)

   Synonyms: rāmulus, surculus

   • 4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica XII.L. NIGRARUM OLIVARUM CONDITURA.5:

     OLIVAM CILICIENSEM SIC CONDITO.
     Maturam olivam in muria[m] factam colymbadem de muria tollito, spongea tergeto; dein canna viridi scindito duobus vel tribus locis et triduo in aceto habeto, quarto die spongia extergeto, in vas, id est in urceum aut caccabum novum, mittito, substrato apio et modica ruta. Concis deinde pleno vase olivis inmitte defrutum usque ad os; lauri turiones in hoc vas mittito, ut olivas deprimant; post dies XX utere.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 230 CE, De re culinaria VIII.10:

     Perna apruna ita impletur Terentina: per articulum pernae palum mittes ita ut cutem a carne separes, ut possit condimentum accipere per cornulum et universa impleatur. teres piper, bacam lauri, rutam. si volueris, laser adicies, liquamen optimum, caroenum et olei viridis guttas. cum impleta fuerit, constringitur illa pars, qua impleta est, ex lino et mittitur in zemam. elixatur in aqua marina cum lauri turionibus et anetho.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Usages notes

Only attested in relation with laurum (“laurel”).

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

派生した語

• Italian: turione

参照

• “turio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "turio", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “turio”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

語源

Uncertain. Latin vowel reduction probably caused any short vowel in a word-internal open syllable to evolve regularly to -e- before -r- (compare -fer from Proto-Italic *-foros, socerī from Proto-Italic *swekurī), which suggests that this suffix had a comparatively recent analogical origin. (An alternative opinion holds that -u- was regularly retained before -r-, but Parker 1986 argues that examples like augurium can be explained by analogy, e.g. to the nominative augur.)

• Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *-tew- (as in the supine) + *-rós. Possibly compare -tūrus and/or -tūra. According to De Melo 2007, Risch 1954 postulates the construction goes back to an unattested *saturiō (“to be full”) from satur, used as the basis for an analogical ēsuriō, originally with the sense "to be hungry" but then evolving to "to want to eat".
• Possibly from -tor- (the original oblique stem of the agent suffix -tor, from Proto-Italic *-tōr) +‎ -iō, from Proto-Indo-European *-yéti (denominative suffix).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [tʊ.ri.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [tu.ri.o]

接尾辞

-turiō (present infinitive -turīre, perfect active -turīvī, supine -turītum); fourth conjugation

1. Forms desiderative verbs from other verbs.

   ‎pariō (“to bring forth”) + ‎-turio → ‎parturiō (“to be in labour”)

   ‎nubō (“to veil, marry”) + ‎-turio → ‎nupturiō (“to wish to wed”)

   Sulla → *sullō (“I do as Sulla did”) → sullaturiō (“pessimistically jocular: I wish to imitate Sulla”)

使用する際の注意点

This suffix is one of many (including -tus, -tor, -tiō, -tim, -tō, -tūra) that all use the same verb stem as the supine, perfect passive participle, and/or future active participle, found in the verb's fourth principal part. This stem is conventionally considered to end in -t- (or for some verbs, -s-), which would imply analyzing the suffixes as -us, -or, -io, -im, etc. However, from an etymological perspective it is more accurate to identify -t-/-s- as the initial consonant of these suffixes.

• Most 1st conjugation verbs attach -t- after the theme vowel -ā-: e.g. amō, amātor, but a few form this principal part differently: e.g. secō > sectiō. Similarly, many 4th conjugation verbs use -ī-t-, but some use other formations, e.g. saliō > saltō.
• 2nd conjugation verbs are less consistent. Many use -i-t- (moneō, monitor); some attach -t- after the final consonant of the root (doceō > doctor); a considerable number lack this principal part. Monosyllabic stems use -ē-t-: ex-pleō (stem plē-) > explētiō.
• Many 3rd conjugation verbs (and some 1st, 2nd and 4th) attach -t- directly after a consonant, which can cause complex changes. When -t- is placed after -t- or -d-, the consonants merge to -ss- (simplified to -s- if not preceded by short vowel): metō > messor, caedo > caesūra. Occasionally -s- is used after other consonants: curro > cursim, mergo > mersō. Before -t-, -b- -g- are regularly devoiced to -p- -c-: scrībō > scrīptor; frīgō > frīctus. The addition of -t- can be accompanied by various other changes, including vowel shortening, vowel lengthening, consonant insertion, or consonant deletion.

See this page for a more complete analysis.

• Usually formed on the same stem as the supine/perfect participle; but adulēscenturiō is an exception.
• The -turio aspectual compounds are sometimes referred to as desiderative; the Late Latin era grammarians Priscianus and Diomedes use the phrase meditative, or verba meditativa, for this construction.

Conjugation

参考

参照