flagellumとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Latin flagellum (“whip”), diminutive of flagrum, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlag- (“to strike”).

発音

• IPA^(key): /fləˈdʒɛləm/

名詞

flagellum (複数形 flagella または flagellums または flagellae)

1. (biology) In protists, a long, whiplike membrane-enclosed organelle used for locomotion or feeding.
2. (biology) In bacteria, a long, whiplike proteinaceous appendage, used for locomotion.
3. A whip

同意語

• (organelle of protists): cilium
• (whip): whip

Latin

語源

From flagrum (“scourge, whip”) +‎ -ellum.

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /flaˈɡel.lum/, [fɫ̪aˈɡɛl.lʲʊ̃ˑ]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /flaˈd͡ʒel.lum/, [flaˈd͡ʒɛl.lum]

名詞

flagellum n (genitive flagellī); second declension

1. whip, lash, scourge
   • c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 25.9–13:

     Quae nunc tuīs ab unguibus reglūtinā et remitte,
     nē lāneum latusculum manūsque mollicellās
     inusta turpiter tibī flagella cōnscribillent,
     et īnsolenter aestuēs, velut minūta magnō
     deprēnsa nāvis in marī, vesāniente ventō.

     Which now from your fingernails unglue and send back,
     so that your soft side and your tender hands
     burning lashes may not shamefully scribble on,
     and that you may not unaccustomedly writhe, like a small
     ship caught in the great sea, with the wind raging.

2. whip for driving animals (riding horses, cattle etc.)
3. tentacle
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 4.361–372:

     Dēnique nītentem contrā ēlābīque volentem
     inplicat ut serpēns, quam rēgia sustinet āles
     sublīmemque rapit: pendēns caput illa pedēsque
     adligat et caudā spatiantēs inplicat ālās;
     utve solent hederae longōs intexere truncōs,
     utque sub aequoribus dēprēnsum pōlypus hostem
     continet ex omnī dīmissīs parte flagellīs.
     Perstat Atlantiadēs spērātaque gaudia nymphae
     dēnegat; illa premit commissaque corpore tōtō
     sīcut inhaerēbat, 'pugnēs licet, inprobe,' dīxit,
     'nōn tamen effugiēs. Ita, dī, iubeātis, et istum
     nūlla diēs ā mē nec mē dēdūcat ab istō.'

     Then the struggling and wanting to slip away one
     she embraces like a snake, which the king bird holds
     and snatches to the heights: hanging, it ties around the head and feet
     and wraps around the spreading wings;
     or how ivies are accustomed to weave into long trunks,
     and how under the seas the polyp holds fast the captured enemy
     with tentacles dispatched from every side.
     The son of Atlas resists and the hoped for joy to the nymph
     he denies; she holds on and, joined as if with the entire body
     she were clinging, 'You may fight, indomitable boy,' she said,
     'you shall still not escape. This, gods, grant me, and him
     may no day take away from me nor me from him.

4. young branch, shoot
   • c. 4th century, Tiberianus, Pervigilium Veneris 5–6:

     Crās amōrum cōpulātrīx inter umbrās arborum
     implicat casās virentēs dē flagellō myrteō.

     Tommorow the binder of loves amongst the shades of trees
     weaves green cottages from myrtle branches.

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

関連する語

• flagellō
• flagrum

同意語

• scutica
• lorum
• verber

派生した語

参照

• flagellum in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• flagellum in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• flagellum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• flagellum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette