haloとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Latin halōs, from Ancient Greek ἅλως (hálōs, “threshing floor; disk; disk of the sun または moon; ring of light around the sun または moon”), of unknown origin. The threshing floor's circular threshold or oxen walking on it in a circle gave rise to the other meanings. Used in English since 1563; the sense of light around someone’s head since 1646.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈheɪləʊ/
  • (米国発音) enPR: hāʹlō, IPA^(key): /ˈheɪloʊ/
  • 韻: -eɪləʊ

名詞

halo (複数形 halos または haloes)

1. A circular band of coloured light, visible around the sun or moon etc., caused by reflection and refraction of light by ice crystals in the atmosphere.
2. (astronomy) A cloud of gas and other matter surrounding and captured by the gravitational field of a large diffuse astronomical object, such as a galaxy or cluster of galaxies.
3. Anything resembling this band, such as an effect caused by imperfect developing of photographs.
4. (religion) nimbus, a luminous disc, often of gold, around or over the heads of saints, etc., in religious paintings.
5. The metaphorical aura of glory, veneration or sentiment which surrounds an idealized entity.
6. (advertising) The bias caused by the halo effect.
   • 2016, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, ‎Health and Medicine Division, ‎Food and Nutrition Board, Food Literacy: How Do Communications and Marketing Impact Consumer Knowledge, Skills, and Behavior? (page 51)

     In both cases, they found that […] there was a halo effect (e.g., when a "low cholesterol" claim was made, consumers perceived other nutrients, such as fat, also to be at low levels when they were actually high). Andrews reported that these misleading halos were reduced only when the claims were accompanied by an evaluative disclosure […]

7. (art, religion, iconography) a circular annulus ring, frequently luminous, often golden, floating above the head
8. (medicine) A circular brace used to keep the head and neck in position.
9. (motor racing) A rollbar placed in front of the driver, used to protect the cockpit of a open cockpit racecar.
10. (automotive) Short for halo headlight.

同意語

• (luminous disc around head of saints in paintings): aureole, nimbus

派生語

• halo effect
• halo nucleus
• neutron halo
• nuclear halo
• proton halo

動詞

halo (三人称単数 現在形 haloes, 現在分詞 haloing, 過去形および過去分詞形 haloed)

1. (transitive) To encircle with a halo.

   Synonym: inaureole

関連する語

• halation

参照

• Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts, G.&C. Merriam Co., 1967
• Douglas Harper (2001–2022), “halo”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

アナグラム

• hola

Latin

語源

Possibly a denominative verb from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁-s-lo- (with spurious h), from *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”), whence animus.^[1]

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈhaː.loː/, [ˈhäːɫ̪oː]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.lo/, [ˈäːlo]

動詞

hālō (present infinitive hālāre, perfect active hālāvī, supine hālātum); first conjugation

1. breathe
2. emit, exhale, release (gas または fragrance)
3. be fragrant
   • P. Vergilius Maro, Aeneid, Book I, ll. 416 ff.

     Ipsa Paphum sublimis abit sedesque revisit
     Laeta suas ubi templum illi centumque Sabaeo⁠⁠⁠
     Ture calent arae sertisque recentibus halant

     [Venus] goes flying back to Paphos and sees happily again her seat
     Where there is a temple to her and a hundred altars
     That warmly glow with Sheban incense and are perfumed by fresh wreaths.

Conjugation

派生語

• adhālō
• anhēlo
• exhālō
• inhālō
• redhālō

同意語

• spīrō, feo

派生した語

• Old French: haler
  • French: haleter

参照

• halo in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• halo in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• halo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette

語源 1

Combining form of Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls, “sea, salt”).

接頭辞

halo-

1. sea, salt, salt water

語源 2

From halogen.

接頭辞

halo-

1. (chemistry) Forming names of chemical compounds which contain one or more halogen atoms.

派生語

アナグラム

• hola