sopioとは意味・読み方・使い方

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/06/08 15:41 UTC 版)

語源 1

From Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to sleep”). However, the specifics of the etymology are disputed:

According to the LIV, from Proto-Indo-European *swṓp-ye-ti, whence also perhaps Old Norse sǿfa (“to kill”). However, according to De Vaan, the existence of such a verbal class in PIE is uncertain.
Nussbaum proposed that the term may have emerged as a denominative to a root noun *swṓp-s, which is itself possibly—according to Nussbaum—the source of the thematic nouns *swépnos (“sleep, slumber”) and *supnós (“sleep”). However, according to Vine, there is no evidence to more directly support the existence of such a root noun and PIE n-stems, including the aforementioned examples, are otherwise attributed to original r/n stems, rather than root nouns.
Alternatively, Vine reconstructs a PIE present of the shape *swṓp-eye-ti, which developed into *swṓp-ije-ti according to a rule whereby unstressed *e prior to *j was reduced to *i. This pre-form would then evolve into the attested present sōpiō.

発音

(Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈsoː.pi.oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈsɔː.pi.o]

動詞

sōpiō (present infinitive sōpīre, perfect active sōpīvī or sōpiī, supine sōpītum); fourth conjugation

(transitive) to deprive of feeling
(transitive) to lull to sleep, put to sleep

Synonym: sēdō
(transitive) to render unconscious, knock out
(figuratively, transitive) to kill

Synonyms: necō, obtruncō, caedō, interficiō, trucīdō, tollō, peragō, percutiō, interimō, perimō, iugulō, cōnficiō, occīdō, ēnecō, dēiciō, absūmō, cōnsūmō
(figuratively, transitive) to quiet, calm, soothe

Synonyms: domō, lēniō, sēdō, dēlēniō, mītigō, plācō, mānsuēscō, mānsuētō, mānsuēfaciō, permulceō, restinguō, commītigō, compōnō, levō, ēlevō, allevō, alleviō, sileō, molliō

Antonyms: sollicitō, excitō, īnstīgō, īnstinguō, efferō, exciō, perpellō, concieō, concitō, īnflammō, cieō, incendō

Conjugation

派生語

consōpiō
resōpiō

派生した語

→ English: sopite
→ Italian: sopire (learned)
⇒ Vulgar Latin: *assōpīre
- Catalan: ensopir
- French: assoupir (latinized)
  - → Italian: assopire
- French: assouvir

語源 2

Nikolaev connects the word to prosapia (“race, lineage”), and derives both from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂p- "strike", with semantic development "strike > have sexual intercourse > beget".

名詞

sōpiō m (genitive sōpiōnis); third declension

A drawing of a man with a prominent penis
- Catullus 37
  
  Frontem tabernae sopionibus scribam
  
  I will draw pictures of penises on the front of the tavern.
- Anonymous graffito in Pompeii
  
  Ut merdas edatis, qui scripseras sopionis
  
  You who have drawn pictures of penises, eat shit!

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	sōpiō	sōpiōnēs
genitive	sōpiōnis	sōpiōnum
dative	sōpiōnī	sōpiōnibus
accusative	sōpiōnem	sōpiōnēs
ablative	sōpiōne	sōpiōnibus
vocative	sōpiō	sōpiōnēs

派生語

sōpiōnem scrībō

参照

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “su̯ep-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 612
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “sopor, -ōris”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 575
↑ Vine, Brent (2012), “PIE mobile accent in Italic: Further evidence”, in Whitehead, Benedicte Nielsen, Olander, Thomas, Olsen, Birgit Anette, and Rasmussen, Jens Elmegård, editors, The Sound of Indo-European: Phonetics, phonemics, and morphophonemics (Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European)‎, volume 4, Museum Tusculanum Press, →ISBN, →ISSN, pages 554-555
^ Nikolaev, Alexander (2015), “The origin of Latin prōsāpia”, in Glotta‎, volume 91, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG), →JSTOR, pages 226–249

“sopio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“sopio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
“sopio”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
S. A. Handford & Mary Herberg (2003), Latin-English : English-Latin Dictionary (Berlin: Langenscheidt)
sopio in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2026), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “su̯ep-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 612

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “sopor, -ōris”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 575

[Vine-3] Vine, Brent (2012), “PIE mobile accent in Italic: Further evidence”, in Whitehead, Benedicte Nielsen, Olander, Thomas, Olsen, Birgit Anette, and Rasmussen, Jens Elmegård, editors, The Sound of Indo-European: Phonetics, phonemics, and morphophonemics (Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European)‎, volume 4, Museum Tusculanum Press, →ISBN, →ISSN, pages 554-555

[y393-4] Nikolaev, Alexander (2015), “The origin of Latin prōsāpia”, in Glotta‎, volume 91, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG), →JSTOR, pages 226–249

sopioとは意味・読み方・使い方

Wiktionary英語版での「sopio」の意味

sopio

語源 1

発音

動詞

Conjugation

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

語源 2

名詞

語形変化

派生語

参照

「sopio」のお隣キーワード

sopioとは 意味・読み方・使い方

Wiktionary英語版での「sopio」の意味

sopio

語源 1

発音

動詞

Conjugation

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

語源 2

名詞

語形変化

派生語

参照

「sopio」のお隣キーワード

sopioとは意味・読み方・使い方