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語源

From 中期英語 liege, lege, lige, from Anglo-Norman lige, from Old French liege (“liege, free”), from Middle High German ledic, ledec (“free, empty, vacant”) (Modern German ledig (“unmarried”)) from Proto-Germanic *liþugaz (“flexible, free, unoccupied”).

Akin to Old Frisian leþeg, leþoch (“free”), 古期英語 liþiġ (“flexible”), Old Norse liðugr (“free, unhindered”), Old Saxon lethig (“idle”), Low German leddig (“empty”), Middle Dutch ledich (“idle, unemployed”) (Dutch ledig (“empty”) and leeg (“empty”)), 中期英語 lethi (“unoccupied, at leisure”).

An alternate etymology traces the Old French word to Late Latin laeticus (“of or relating to a semifree colonist in Gaul”), from Latin laetus (“a semi-free colonist”), from Gothic *𐌻𐌴𐍄𐍃 (*lēts) (attested in derivatives such as 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌴𐍄𐍃 (fralēts)), from Proto-Germanic *lētaz (“freeman; bondsman, serf”), from *lētaną (“to let; free; release”).

発音

• (英国発音, General American) IPA: /liːd͡ʒ/, /liːʒ/
• 韻: -iːdʒ, -iːʒ

名詞

liege (plural lieges)

1. A free and independent person; specifically, a lord paramount; a sovereign.
2. (in full liege lord) A king or lord.
   • 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act 3, scene 2]:

     More health and happiness betide my liege / Than can my care-tuned tongue deliver him!

   • 1826, [Walter Scott], Woodstock; Or, The Cavalier. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, →OCLC:

     Kings, my liege, may take a lesson from him

3. The subject of a sovereign or lord; a liegeman.

派生語

形容詞

liege (not comparable)

1. Sovereign; independent; having authority or right to allegiance.

   a liege lord

   • 1847, Alfred Tennyson, “(please specify the page number, or |part=Prologue, I to VII, or conclusion)”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:

     She look'd as grand as doomsday and as grave: / And he, he reverenced his liege lady there;

2. Serving an independent sovereign or master; bound by a feudal tenure; obliged to be faithful and loyal to a superior, such as a vassal to his lord; faithful.

   a liege man; a liege subject

3. (obsolete, law) Full; perfect; complete; pure.
   • 1908, Daniel Scott (of Penrith), Stricklands of Sizergh Castle:

     it was a release by Katherine de Ros in her liege widowhood to Sir Thomas de Stirkeland

関連する語

• liege lord
• liegeman

名詞

līeġe

1. dative singular of līeġ

名詞

liege

1. alternative form of lege (“league”)

語源 2

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman lige.

名詞

liege

1. alternative form of lege (“liege”)

形容詞

liege

1. alternative form of lege (adjective)