英和和英

別の表記

• Peking (dated)
• Pei-ching, Peiching (uncommon, Wade–Giles)
• Pekin, Pachin, Paquin, Pequin (obsolete)

語源

c. 1958, borrowed from Hanyu Pinyin Běijīng, romanization of the Mandarin Chinese 北京 (Běijīng, literally “northern capital”).

The name Beijing was to distinguish the city from Nanjing to the south, and first applied informally during the reign of the Yongle Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, who preferred to rule from Beijing but was obliged to treat Nanjing as a secondary capital by the dynastic injunctions of his father the Hongwu Emperor. The name continued a practice of several preceding dynasties—especially those of nomadic conquerers from the north such as the Jin and Liao—of maintaining a number of separate capitals designated by their cardinal directions. (Can this etymology be sourced?)

発音

• IPA: /beɪˈd͡ʒɪŋ/, /ˌbeɪˈd͡ʒɪŋ/
• (hyperforeign) IPA: /beɪˈʒɪŋ/, /ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ/
• enPR: bā′jĭng′
• ハイフネーション: Bei‧jing
• 韻: -ɪŋ

固有名詞

Beijing

1. A direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China. [from c. 1958]
   • 1976 [1966], Hao Ran, “Debut”, in Wong Kam-ming, transl., Revolutionary Literature in China: An Anthology‎, White Plains, New York: M. E. Sharpe, Inc., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 92:

     Liu Lao-zheng sidled right up to Zao-hua and said: “That’s right. I went to Beijing [Peking] to visit with my daughter. Zao-hua, I hear that you have become the workpoint recorder.” […]
     Liu Lao-zheng pulled out an abacus from a sack he was carrying over his shoulder. “Huala, huala,” he shook it several times and said: “I bought one in Beijing. I’ll lend it to you to use.”

   • 2020 August 7, Steven Lee Myers, Keith Bradsher, “Beijing Launches Another Demolition Drive, This Time in Its Bucolic Suburbs”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 07 August 2020, Asia Pacific‎:

     Backhoes moved house by house, laying waste to a community called Xitai that was built in a plush green valley on the northern edge of Beijing, only a short walk from the Great Wall of China.

   • 2022 October 24, Li Yuan, “A Lonely Protest in Beijing Inspires Young Chinese to Find Their Voice”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 24 October 2022, Business‎:

     A protester unfurled two banners on a highway overpass in central Beijing on Oct. 13, denouncing Xi Jinping as a “despotic traitor.” China’s censors went to great lengths to scrub the internet of any reference to the act of dissent, prohibiting all discussion and shutting down many offending social media accounts.

   • 2023 March 22, “China: Sandstorms blanket Beijing as air pollution spikes”, in Deutsche Welle‎, archived from the original on 22 March 2023‎:

     Beijing regularly faces dust storms in March and April due to its proximity to the Gobi desert as well as deforestation throughout northern China.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Beijing.
2. (metonymic) The government of the People's Republic of China. [from late 20th c.]

   Synonym: Zhongnanhai

   • 1980, Melvin Gurton, Byong-Moo Hwang, China under Threat: The Politics of Strategy and Diplomacy‎, Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 210:

     In Beijing’s view, in the absence of an explicit treaty provision, the central line of the main channel—the Thalweg principle—provided a legal basis for delimiting the boundary in the two rivers. On this basis, Beijing claimed that 600 of the rivers’ 700 islands—including Zhenbao Island on the Ussuri River, just 180 miles southwest of an important Soviet city, Khabarovsk—belonged to the P.R.C.

   • 1992, Richard Nixon, “The Pacific Triangle”, in Seize the Moment‎, Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 181:

     In the Shanghai Communiqué of 1972, we recognized the fact that both Beijing and Taipei viewed Taiwan as part of China but unequivocally expressed our support for a peaceful settlement of the unification issue. While we should not alter the fundamental pillars of our policy, we should consider certain steps that will raise Taiwan's international standing.

   • 2022 June 2, Cate Cadell, Ellen Nakashima, “Beijing chafes at Moscow’s requests for support, Chinese officials say”, in The Washington Post‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 06 June 2022‎:

     Russian officials have raised increasingly frustrated requests for greater support during discussions with Beijing in recent weeks, calling on China to live up to its affirmation of a “no limits” partnership made weeks before the war in Ukraine began. But China’s leadership wants to expand assistance for Russia without running afoul of Western sanctions and has set limits on what it will do, according to Chinese and U.S. officials.

   • 2023 June 15, Didi Tang, “Spotify removes protest song Glory to Hong Kong”, in The Times‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 15 June 2023, World‎:

     While Beijing has credited the law with restoring peace and order to the city, it has been criticised by rights groups and western governments for imprisoning pro-democracy activists and undermining civil freedoms.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Beijing.

使用する際の注意点

• Rarely used until 1979. Can appear as Běijīng in English-language texts with code-switching. Note that cultural terms such as Peking duck, Pekingese, Peking opera and Peking University usually still occur with Peking, though Beijing is sometimes still used: compare Beijing duck, Beijingese and Beijing opera etc.

同意語

派生語

参考

参照

Further reading

• “Beijing”, in Collins English Dictionary, 2011–present.
• “Beijing, Peking, Pei-ching, Peiching”, in Google Books Ngram Viewer.
• “Beijing, pn.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “Beijing”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• “Beijing”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
• “Beijing”, in TheFreeDictionary.com, Huntingdon Valley, Pa.: Farlex, Inc., 2003–2026
• Saul B. Cohen, editor (2008), “Beijing”, in The Columbia Gazetteer of the World‎, 2nd edition, volume 1, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 359-360