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dulcis

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/08/25 23:06 UTC 版)

ラテン語

語源

Most likely akin to Ancient Greek γλυκύς (glukús, “sweet”), both traditionally derived from a tentative Proto-Indo-European *dl̥kús (“sweet”), although the fall of -u- in the Latin form would be left unexplained, and the Greek form is problematic as well. Given that Latin and Greek are linguistically quite distant while being very close geographically, it is likely the word does not go back to PIE as it may have been borrowed from a common unknown source, possibly related to lac (“milk”). Compare typologically Persian شیرین (šīrēn, “sweet”) from شیر (šīr, “milk”) and Proto-Turkic *sǖčig (“sweet”) from *sǖt (“milk”).

発音

形容詞

dulcis (neuter dulce, comparative dulcior, superlative dulcissimus, adverb dulce or dulciter); third-declension two-termination adjective

  1. (of taste) sweet
    Synonym: suāvis
    Antonym: amārus
  2. sweet-smelling, sweet-scented, fragrant
  3. sweet-sounding, melodic, melodious, tuneful
  4. (figuratively) agreeable, delightful, pleasant, soft, sweet
    Synonyms: acceptus, amoenus, grātus, iūcundus
  5. (figuratively) (of persons) friendly, charming, kind, dear, pleasant, agreeable
    Synonym: venustus

語形変化

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

singular plural
masc./fem. neuter masc./fem. neuter
nominative dulcis dulce dulcēs dulcia
genitive dulcis dulcium
dative dulcī dulcibus
accusative dulcem dulce dulcīs
dulcēs		 dulcia
ablative dulcī dulcibus
vocative dulcis dulce dulcēs dulcia

等位語

派生語

関連する語

  • dulcātor
  • dulciārius
  • dulcōrō

派生した語

Notes

  1. ^ The expected outcome would have been **dulquis, with the u-stem regularly extended into an i- one, as in brevis, tenuis, etc.

参照

  1. ^ Walde, Alois; Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1938), “dulcis”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 379f.
  2. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 222
  3. ↑ Frisk, Hjalmar (1960), “γλυκύς”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 314f.
  4. ↑ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “?*dl̥kus ~ *glukus”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 560b
  5. ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “γλυκύς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 277f.
  6. ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “dulcis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 182

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