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dulcis

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/01/26 18:23 UTC 版)

ラテン語

語源

    Perhaps from Proto-Italic *dulkwis (“sweet”), most likely akin to Ancient Greek γλυκύς (glukús, “sweet”), both traditionally derived from a tentative Proto-Indo-European *dl̥kús (“sweet”), although the fall of -u- in the Latin form would be left unexplained, and the Greek form is problematic as well. Given that Latin and Greek are linguistically quite distant while being very close geographically, it is likely the word does not go back to PIE as it may have been borrowed from a common unknown source, possibly related to lac (“milk”) (compare typologically Persian شیرین akin to شیر (Tajik ширин (širin), шир (šir))).

    発音

    形容詞

    dulcis (neuter dulce, comparative dulcior, superlative dulcissimus, adverb dulce or dulciter); third-declension two-termination adjective

    1. (of taste) sweet
    2. sweet-smelling, sweet-scented, fragrant
    3. sweet-sounding, melodic, melodious, tuneful
    4. (figuratively) agreeable, delightful, pleasant, soft, sweet
    5. (figuratively, of persons) friendly, charming, kind, dear, pleasant, agreeable

    語形変化

    Third-declension two-termination adjective.

    singular plural
    masc./fem. neuter masc./fem. neuter
    nominative dulcis dulce dulcēs dulcia
    genitive dulcis dulcium
    dative dulcī dulcibus
    accusative dulcem dulce dulcīs
    dulcēs    		 dulcia
    ablative dulcī dulcibus
    vocative dulcis dulce dulcēs dulcia

    同意語

    反意語

    派生語

    関連する語

    派生した語

    Notes

    1. ^ The expected outcome would have been **dulquis, with the u-stem regularly extended into an i- one, as in brevis, tenuis, etc.

    参照

    1. ^ Walde, Alois; Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1938), “dulcis”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 379f.
    2. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 222
    3. ↑ Frisk, Hjalmar (1960), “γλυκύς”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 314f.
    4. ↑ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “?*dl̥kus ~ *glukus”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 560b
    5. ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “γλυκύς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 277f.
    6. ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “dulcis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 182

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