英和和英

語源 1

From ob- (“against”) +‎ *fendō (“hit, thrust”), from Proto-Italic *fendō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to strike, to kill”). Compare dēfendō.

動詞

offendō (present infinitive offendere, perfect active offendī, supine offēnsum); third conjugation

1. to hit, thrust, strike against something
   • c. 40 BCE, De Bello Hispaniensi, chapter 23:

     Ita cum eius [mīlitis] compar proelium facere coepisset, cum undique sē circumvenīrī animum advertisset, ingressus pedem offendit.

     So, although his [the soldier's] partner had begun to fight, when he noticed that he was being surrounded on all sides, after starting to leave, he hit his foot.

   • 30 BCE, Quintus Horatius Flaccus, Sermo 1.2‎, archived from the original on 27 May 2017, lines 74-78:

     Quidquid sum ego, quamvīs
     īnfrā Lūcīlī cēnsum ingeniumque, tamen mē
     cum magnīs vīxisse invīta fatēbitur ūsque
     invidia et fragilī quaerēns inlīdere dentem
     offendet solidō [...]

     Whatever I am like, though
     inferior to the wealth and talent of Lucilius, nevertheless, that I
     have lived with great men [is something that] reluctant envy will fully admit
     and, seeking to sink her tooth into something soft,
     will strike it against something solid [...]

   • c. 95 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria‎, archived from the original on 3 June 2020, book 6, chapter 3, line 67:

     An nōn plūrima dīcuntur quod refert Cicerō dē homine praelongō, caput eum ad fornicem Fabium offendisse [...]

     Rather, not many things are said like what Cicero reports about a very tall man, that he hit his head on the Fabian arch [...]

2. to meet, encounter (someone)

   Synonyms: inveniō, obeō, occurrō, congredior, prōcēdō

3. (figuratively) to suffer damage, receive an injury
4. to fail, be unfortunate
5. to find fault, take offence

   Sī Caesarem probātis, in mē offenditis.

   If you favor Cæsar, you find fault with me.

6. to stumble, blunder, commit offence or sin

   Synonyms: committō, dēlinquō, lābor, errō

7. to shock, vex, offend, mortify, scandalize

Conjugation

派生語

派生した語

語源 2

From the verb. Apparently a rare case of a feminine abstract noun formed directly from -ō, as opposed to the usual extended suffixes -iō f, -tiō f. Compare aspergō, asperginis f and -ēdō, -ēdinis f; -īdō, -īdinis f; -tūdō, -tūdinis f.

名詞

offendō f (genitive offendinis); third declension (hapax legomenon in the nominative)

1. an offence

   Synonyms: offēnsa, offēnsiō

   • 1st century BCE, Lucius Afranius, Vopiscus 146.32, (quoted by Nonius; alternative readings include "Quoque, nunc offendo saepe procul nostrast mala", "Quoque nunc offendo saepe procul nostra sit mala"):

     quaeque nunc offendo, semper procul ⟨a⟩ vostreis sint mala

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

参照

Further reading

• “offendo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “offendo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “offendo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to meet, come across a person; to meet casually: offendere, nancisci aliquem
    
  • to hurt some one's feelings: offendere aliquem, alicuius animum
    
  • to hurt some one's feelings: offendere apud aliquem (Cluent. 23. 63)
    
  • to feel hurt by something: offendi aliqua re (animus offenditur)
    
  • to have something to say against a person, to object to him: offendere in aliquo (Mil. 36. 99)
    
  • to take a false step in a thing; to commit an indiscretion: offendere in aliqua re (Cluent. 36. 98)
    
• “offendo” in volume 9, part 2, column 493, line 69 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present