研究社 新英和中辞典
proven
prove
prove /prúːv/
1 a 〔+目的語(+to+(代)名詞)〕〔…に〕〈…を〉(証拠・論証などで)証明する，〈…の〉真実であることを示す.
b 〔(+to+(代)名詞)+that〕〔…に〕〈…ということを〉証明する.
c 〔+目的語+(to be) 補語〕〈…が〉〈…であると〉証明する.
d 〔+wh.〕〈…かを〉証明する.
2 〈…を〉ためす，試験[検査]する.
3 【数学】〈計算を〉検算する.
4 【法律, 法学】〈遺言を〉検認する.
1 〔+(to be) 補語 / +to do〕〈…であることが〉(あとになって)わかる，〈…と〉判明する，(結果)〈…に〉なる 《★【用法】 to do は状態を表わす動詞に限る》.
2 〈パン・ケーキが〉適当な柔らかさにふくらむ.
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Wiktionary英語版
出典：Wiktionary
proven
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/11/21 22:08 UTC 版)
語源
From Scottish English, as past participle of preve, a 中期英語 variant of prove – compare woven (from weave) and cloven (from cleave), both of which feature -eve → -oven. Preve died out in England, but survived in Scotland, where proven developed, initially in a legal context, as in “The jury ruled that the charges were not proven.” See usage notes for historical usage patterns.
Earlier, from Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”).
Morphologically prove + -n.
発音
形容詞
proven (comparative more proven, superlative most proven)
派生語
- nonproven
- not proven
- provenly
- provenness
- semiproven
使用する際の注意点
As the past participle of prove, proven is often proscribed, with proved preferred — “have proved” rather than “have proven”. That prescription is, however, rarely observed in practice in American and Canadian English, where both forms are equally common in everyday use. In British English “have proved” is more common, although both forms are used and considered correct. Note as well the somewhat comparable differences in conjugation with “have snuck” (American English and Canadian English) as opposed to “have sneaked” (British English), with regional exceptions.
Historically, proved is the older form, while proven arose as a Scottish variant — see etymology. Used in legal writing from the mid-17th century, it entered literary usage more slowly, only becoming significant in the 19th century, with the poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson among the earliest frequent users (presumably for reasons of meter). In the 19th century, proven was widely discouraged, and remained significantly less common through the mid-20th century (proved being used approximately four times as often); by the late 20th century it came to be used about equally often in US English.
As an attributive adjective, proven is much more commonly used (as in “a proven method”), whilst use of proved (as in *“a proved method”) is widely considered an error — although by the usual grammatical rules it would not be an error.
参照
- ↑ “prove”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
- ↑ “prove”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
- ^ "The Death List". Yes Minister, season 2, episode 3, BBC Two, 9 March 1981. 00:05:34. Sir Humphrey uses the latter pronunciation here.
- ↑ “prove”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
ウィキペディア英語版
出典：Wikipedia
Weblio例文辞書
「proven」は動詞「prove」の過去分詞です
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